Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and IT (Set-1)
Which statement best describes a computer as a machine
A Thinks like humans
B Works only on paper
C Electronic data processor
D Only stores photos
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data as input, processes it using instructions, stores it, and gives output as meaningful information. It works fast and follows given programs.
Which characteristic means a computer gives correct results when input and program are correct
A Versatility
B Emotion
C Creativity
D Accuracy
Accuracy means a computer produces correct output when the data and instructions are correct. If wrong input or wrong program is given, the output will also be wrong, even though the computer works properly.
Which feature allows a computer to work continuously without getting tired
A Diligence
B Speed
C Intelligence
D Humor
Diligence means a computer can perform tasks repeatedly for long hours without fatigue or loss of concentration. Unlike humans, it does not get bored and can keep working with the same efficiency.
What does “storage” mainly refer to in a computer system
A Screen brightness control
B Printing speed change
C Saving data permanently
D Mouse movement tracking
Storage refers to keeping data and programs for future use. Devices like hard disks and SSDs store information even when power is off, so files can be accessed again later.
Which term describes doing tasks automatically after giving instructions
A Decoration
B Automation
C Reflection
D Translation
Automation means the computer performs tasks automatically once it is programmed. After instructions and input are given, it can complete the work without needing constant human help for each small step.
Which is a common limitation of computers
A Make feelings decisions
B Never needs power
C Learns without input
D Need instructions always
Computers cannot think on their own. They follow instructions given by software and depend on correct input. Without clear commands, a computer cannot decide what to do like a human.
Which area is a typical application of computers
A Manual farming only
B Stone carving only
C Banking transactions
D Handwritten copying
Computers are widely used in banking for accounts, transfers, ATM operations, and record keeping. They handle large amounts of data quickly and help maintain accurate financial information and reports.
Which option best describes “data”
A Raw facts symbols
B Processed meaningful facts
C Final business report
D Approved decision
Data is raw and unprocessed facts like numbers, text, or observations. By itself, data may not be meaningful. After processing and organizing, it becomes information that can be understood and used.
Which option best describes “information”
A Random characters only
B Unchanged raw data
C Hardware components list
D Processed useful data
Information is processed data that has meaning and value. For example, marks of students (data) become a result sheet (information) after sorting, totaling, and presenting in a clear form.
In the IPO cycle, what comes immediately after input
A Output stage
B Storage stage
C Processing stage
D Printing stage
The IPO cycle means Input → Process → Output. After input is entered through devices like keyboard or mouse, the CPU processes it using instructions, and then the system provides output.
Which device is mainly used to enter text into a computer
A Monitor
B Keyboard
C Speaker
D Projector
A keyboard is a common input device used to type letters, numbers, and symbols. It sends the typed data to the computer so it can be processed and stored or displayed as needed.
Which device is mainly used to display visual output
A Scanner
B Microphone
C Monitor
D Joystick
A monitor is an output device that shows text, images, and videos. It displays results of processing, such as documents, web pages, and software screens, so users can view and work with them.
Which part is called the “brain” of the computer system
A Mouse
B Printer
C Speaker
D CPU
The CPU controls and processes all instructions. It performs calculations, makes logical decisions, and manages data flow between memory and devices. That is why it is called the brain of the computer.
Which term means checking output and adjusting the process if needed
A Feedback
B Formatting
C Uploading
D Archiving
Feedback is the step where results are reviewed and used to improve or correct the process. In systems, feedback helps ensure output quality by allowing changes in input or processing when required.
Which quality is most related to correct and consistent data in a system
A Screen resolution
B Network gaming
C Data integrity
D Power rating
Data integrity means data remains accurate, complete, and consistent during storage and transfer. Good integrity prevents mistakes, duplication, or unauthorized changes, helping systems produce reliable information.
Which type of computer works mainly with continuous values like voltage
A Digital computer
B Analog computer
C Hybrid keyboard
D Optical printer
Analog computers handle continuous data, such as speed, temperature, or voltage, and represent values without discrete numbers. They were used in some scientific and engineering tasks where continuous measurement mattered.
Which type of computer uses binary digits to process data
A Analog computer
B Mechanical abacus
C Paper calculator
D Digital computer
Digital computers process data using binary (0 and 1). They perform calculations and logic operations using electronic circuits, making them suitable for modern devices like PCs, laptops, and smartphones.
Which type combines features of analog and digital computing
A Microcomputer
B Minicomputer
C Hybrid computer
D Work computer
A hybrid computer combines analog speed for measurement with digital accuracy for calculations. It is useful where continuous signals must be processed and then converted into precise digital results.
Which device is best described as a personal computer for one user
A Microcomputer
B Mainframe
C Supercomputer
D Minicomputer
A microcomputer is designed for individual use, like desktops and laptops. It is affordable and common in homes, schools, and offices for tasks such as documents, browsing, and basic computing.
Which type is designed to handle thousands of users and huge databases
A Tablet
B Smartphone
C Notebook
D Mainframe
Mainframe computers are powerful systems used by large organizations for bulk data processing, banking, airline reservations, and government records. They support many users at the same time with high reliability.
Which type is mainly built for extremely complex scientific calculations
A Microcomputer
B Workstation
C Supercomputer
D Calculator
Supercomputers perform very fast calculations for weather forecasting, climate research, space studies, and simulations. They process massive data sets and use many processors working together for high performance.
Which device is best categorized as a portable computer with a built-in screen
A Desktop tower
B Laptop
C Dot printer
D Server rack
A laptop is a portable computer with screen, keyboard, and battery in one unit. It is designed for mobility while still offering many features of a desktop computer for daily tasks.
Which device typically uses a touch screen as the main input method
A Tablet
B Plotter
C Scanner
D Webcam
A tablet is a portable device mainly controlled by touch input. It is used for reading, browsing, videos, and apps, and often supports on-screen keyboards and sometimes a stylus.
Which device is a small computer integrated into another machine
A Mainframe system
B Supercomputer node
C Office workstation
D Embedded system
An embedded system is built into devices like washing machines, cars, and routers. It performs specific tasks and often works with sensors and controllers, usually without a full keyboard and monitor.
Which is an early calculating tool made of beads on rods
A ENIAC
B EDVAC
C Abacus
D UNIVAC
The abacus is an ancient manual calculating device using beads. It was used for basic arithmetic long before electronic computers and is considered an important early step in the history of computation.
Which machine is linked with Blaise Pascal for mechanical calculations
A Pascaline
B Analytical Engine
C Difference Engine
D Tabulating Machine
The Pascaline was a mechanical calculator designed by Blaise Pascal. It could perform addition and subtraction and is an early example of a device created to reduce manual calculation effort.
Which invention by Charles Babbage was meant to compute mathematical tables
A Pascaline
B Abacus frame
C Vacuum tube
D Difference Engine
The Difference Engine was designed to calculate and print mathematical tables automatically. It aimed to reduce human calculation errors and is an important milestone in the development of computing machines.
Which design by Charles Babbage is considered a concept of a general-purpose computer
A Abacus board
B Slide rule
C Analytical Engine
D Typewriter
The Analytical Engine included ideas like memory, control unit, and programmable instructions. It is considered a foundation concept for modern computers because it was designed to perform different tasks using programs.
Which early electronic computer is often called the first general-purpose electronic computer
A Abacus
B ENIAC
C Pascaline
D Telegraph
ENIAC was an early electronic computer that used vacuum tubes and was designed for complex calculations. It showed the power of electronic computing and influenced later computer development.
Which computer is known as one of the earliest stored-program computers
A UNIVAC
B ENIAC
C Abacus
D EDVAC
EDVAC introduced the stored-program idea where instructions and data are stored in memory. This concept became a major improvement over earlier designs and is used in almost all modern computers today.
Which early commercial computer is linked with business and census-like processing
A Abacus
B Pascaline
C UNIVAC
D Telegraph
UNIVAC was one of the first commercial computers used for business and government tasks. It helped show that computers could be useful beyond scientific work, especially for large data processing needs.
Which generation mainly used vacuum tubes
A First generation
B Second generation
C Third generation
D Fourth generation
First-generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuits. They were large, produced heat, consumed a lot of power, and were less reliable. Examples include early systems developed in the 1940s and 1950s.
Which generation mainly used transistors
A First generation
B Fourth generation
C Fifth generation
D Second generation
Second-generation computers replaced vacuum tubes with transistors. This made computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient. Transistors reduced heat and improved overall performance.
Which generation introduced integrated circuits
A First generation
B Second generation
C Third generation
D Fifth generation
Third-generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs), which combined many components on a chip. This improved speed, reduced size, and made computers more dependable, supporting better operating systems and applications.
Which generation is strongly linked with microprocessors
A Second generation
B Fourth generation
C First generation
D Third generation
Fourth-generation computers are based on microprocessors, where the CPU is placed on a single chip. This led to personal computers becoming common, affordable, and powerful for everyday users and offices.
Who is often called the “father of computers” for major design concepts
A Tim Berners-Lee
B Dennis Ritchie
C Vint Cerf
D Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage proposed designs like the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. His ideas about programmable machines and computing structure influenced modern computer architecture, earning him the title “father of computers.”
Who is famous for the idea of the “Turing Machine” and early computer science
A Bill Gates
B Steve Jobs
C Alan Turing
D Blaise Pascal
Alan Turing developed key ideas in computing theory, including the Turing Machine. His work helped define what computation means and played an important role in early computer development and problem solving.
Who is strongly linked with the stored-program architecture concept
A John von Neumann
B Ada Lovelace
C Grace Hopper
D Herman Hollerith
John von Neumann described a computer architecture where data and instructions share the same memory. This stored-program concept became a standard design for most modern computers and improved flexibility.
Who is known for creating a punched-card tabulating system used for large data processing
A Charles Babbage
B Herman Hollerith
C Tim Berners-Lee
D Dennis Ritchie
Hollerith developed punched-card machines for data processing, used famously for census work. His approach made large-scale counting faster and helped shape the future of business computing and data handling.
Who is widely credited for writing the first algorithm for a machine concept
A Bill Gates
B Vint Cerf
C Ada Lovelace
D Steve Jobs
Ada Lovelace worked with Babbage’s Analytical Engine ideas and wrote notes describing an algorithm concept. She is often considered the first programmer because she explained how a machine could follow steps to compute.
Who is well known for early compiler work and COBOL contribution
A Alan Turing
B Blaise Pascal
C Steve Jobs
D Grace Hopper
Grace Hopper helped develop early compilers that translated human-like instructions into machine code. She also contributed to COBOL development, promoting the idea that programming languages should be closer to English for easier use.
Who co-founded Microsoft and is known for popular PC software development
A Dennis Ritchie
B Tim Berners-Lee
C Bill Gates
D John von Neumann
Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft and helped create widely used software for personal computers. Microsoft’s operating systems and applications made computers easier for everyday use in offices, schools, and homes.
Who co-founded Apple and helped popularize user-friendly personal devices
A Steve Jobs
B Vint Cerf
C Grace Hopper
D Herman Hollerith
Steve Jobs co-founded Apple and promoted devices with simple design and user-friendly interfaces. Apple products helped make personal computing popular and focused on smooth interaction through graphical interfaces and software design.
Who is strongly associated with the C language and UNIX development
A Tim Berners-Lee
B Ada Lovelace
C Blaise Pascal
D Dennis Ritchie
Dennis Ritchie developed the C programming language and contributed to UNIX. C became a foundation for many modern languages and systems, and UNIX influenced many operating systems used today.
Who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web concept
A Alan Turing
B Tim Berners-Lee
C Bill Gates
D Vint Cerf
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web by developing key ideas like URLs, HTTP, and HTML. The Web made it easy to access linked information through browsers and changed how people use the internet.
Which term describes the physical parts of a computer you can touch
A Software
B Firmware
C Hardware
D Shareware
Hardware includes physical components like keyboard, monitor, CPU, and storage devices. These parts work together to perform tasks. Without hardware, software cannot run because software needs a physical system to operate.
Which term describes programs and instructions used by a computer
A Hardware
B Plastic case
C Metal wires
D Software
Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do. Examples include operating systems and applications. Software controls processing, allows users to perform tasks, and makes hardware useful.
Which term best fits software stored in a device’s permanent memory for basic control
A Firmware
B Freeware
C Malware
D Clipboard
Firmware is special software stored in ROM or flash memory that helps hardware function. It controls basic operations like booting and device control. It is not changed frequently like normal application software.
What is “booting” in a computer system
A Printing a document
B Starting the computer
C Closing all apps
D Cleaning the screen
Booting is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory. It checks hardware, loads essential files, and prepares the system so the user can run programs.
Which interface allows users to interact using icons, windows, and menus
A CLI
B BIOS
C GUI
D RAM
A GUI uses graphical elements like icons, windows, and menus to help users operate a computer easily. It reduces the need to memorize commands and is common in modern operating systems and applications.