Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and IT (Set-3)
Which statement best explains why computers are called “electronic” machines
A B. Use human muscles
B C. Use paper charts
C A. Use electricity signals
D D. Use wooden gears
Computers work using electronic circuits and electrical signals. These signals represent data in binary form and allow fast processing, storage, and output. Mechanical or manual tools do not use electronic circuits.
A computer doing the same billing task all day with same output shows mainly
A B. Emotion
B A. Diligence
C C. Creativity
D D. Luck
Diligence means a computer can repeat tasks continuously without tiredness or loss of quality. It keeps the same speed and accuracy, making it ideal for repetitive work like billing, counting, and data entry.
Which characteristic is best linked with “doing many different tasks with same machine”
A A. Versatility
B B. Storage
C C. Heating
D D. Weight
Versatility means a computer can perform different types of work by changing software. The same computer can be used for writing, calculations, design, communication, and entertainment without changing the hardware.
Which item is an example of a limitation related to decision making
A B. Unlimited feelings
B C. Natural thinking
C A. No self-judgement
D D. Moral reasoning
Computers cannot make human-like judgments on their own. They follow programmed rules and input data. They do not understand emotions, values, or context the way humans do, so their decisions are limited.
For online ticket booking, which computer benefit is most important
A B. Heavy weight
B A. Fast processing
C C. Loud sound
D D. Hot temperature
Ticket booking needs quick processing of searches, seat availability, and payments. Computers handle these operations rapidly, allowing users to get results immediately and reducing waiting time compared to manual systems.
Which option is the best example of “raw data” in a school system
A B. Final report card
B C. Class result sheet
C D. Teacher remarks
D A. Marks entered list
Raw data is unprocessed facts, such as a list of marks entered for each student. After processing like totals, percentage, and grade calculation, the same data becomes meaningful information like a report card.
A monthly sales summary made from daily sales entries is an example of
A B. Input device
B C. Firmware control
C A. Information output
D D. Hardware upgrade
Daily sales entries are data. When they are processed into totals, trends, and summaries, the output becomes information. A monthly sales summary is meaningful and supports decision making in business.
Which input device is best for entering drawings and signatures in digital form
A A. Graphics tablet
B B. Speaker
C C. Monitor
D D. Printer
A graphics tablet (digitizer) is designed to capture drawings and signatures accurately using a stylus. It provides better precision and control than a touchscreen, so it is widely used for digital art and signing.
Which unit controls and coordinates input, processing, and output operations
A B. Speaker unit
B A. Control unit
C C. Paper tray
D D. Camera lens
The control unit directs the operation of the CPU. It manages instruction execution, coordinates data movement between memory and devices, and ensures that input, processing, and output happen in the correct order.
Which term best describes the flow: input → processing → output → checking results
A B. Only input cycle
B C. Only storage cycle
C A. IPO with feedback
D D. Only output cycle
In many systems, after output is produced, feedback is used to verify results and improve accuracy. This feedback may lead to changes in input or processing, helping the system maintain correct performance.
Which information property ensures it is still useful for decisions when needed
A B. Noise level
B C. Screen size
C D. Keyboard type
D A. Timeliness
Timeliness means information is available at the right time. Even accurate information loses value if received late. For example, late stock data or late exam results may not help in making correct decisions.
Which action best improves data integrity during data entry
A B. Ignore errors always
B A. Use validation rules
C C. Share all logins
D D. Skip backups
Validation rules check data formats and ranges, reducing wrong entries. For example, limiting marks to 0–100 prevents invalid values. This improves data integrity and helps ensure reliable output after processing.
Which type of computer is usually used for weather simulation and scientific modeling
A B. Tablet device
B C. Smartphone
C A. Supercomputer
D D. Microcomputer
Supercomputers handle extremely complex calculations and huge datasets. They are used for climate modeling, weather forecasting, nuclear research, and large simulations because they provide very high processing power.
Which computing device is most suitable for controlling a car’s airbag system
A B. Mainframe server
B A. Embedded controller
C C. Laptop computer
D D. Workstation PC
Car airbags are controlled by embedded systems that react quickly to sensor data. These systems are designed for a single purpose, are reliable, and work continuously inside the vehicle without user interaction.
A university using one central system to handle thousands of student records often uses
A A. Mainframe computer
B B. Analog computer
C C. Abacus tool
D D. Simple calculator
Mainframes are designed for large organizations needing high reliability and many simultaneous users. They manage huge databases, support heavy transaction loads, and are common in banking, government, and big institutions.
Which computer type is best described as a powerful PC for engineering graphics
A B. Minicomputer
B C. Abacus frame
C A. Workstation
D D. Hybrid meter
Workstations are high-performance computers for professional tasks like CAD, 3D modeling, and scientific computing. They typically have strong processors, large RAM, and advanced graphics for demanding applications.
Which computer generation is most linked with vacuum tube technology
A B. Second generation
B A. First generation
C C. Third generation
D D. Fourth generation
First-generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry. They were large, generated heat, and consumed high power. Although they were fast for their time, they required heavy maintenance and space.
Which technology mainly replaced vacuum tubes in second-generation computers
A B. IC chips
B C. Microprocessors
C D. Punch cards
D A. Transistors
Transistors were smaller, more reliable, and used less power than vacuum tubes. This improvement reduced heat and size and increased speed, making second-generation computers more practical and efficient.
Which key change defines third-generation computers
A B. Vacuum tubes
B C. Mechanical gears
C A. Integrated circuits
D D. Bead counting
Third-generation computers used integrated circuits, combining multiple components on a single chip. This increased speed and reliability while reducing size and cost, supporting more advanced software and wider usage.
Which key invention made personal computers common in fourth generation
A A. Microprocessor chip
B B. Abacus rod
C C. Vacuum tube
D D. Paper ledger
The microprocessor placed the CPU on a single chip, enabling smaller, cheaper, and faster computers. This led to the spread of personal computers in homes and offices and improved everyday computing access.
Which historical device is considered an ancient manual calculator
A B. EDVAC
B A. Abacus
C C. ENIAC
D D. UNIVAC
The abacus is a manual counting tool using beads. It was used for arithmetic long before electronic computers. It represents early attempts to make calculations easier and faster than mental math alone.
Which machine invented by Pascal performed basic arithmetic mechanically
A B. Analytical Engine
B C. EDVAC system
C A. Pascaline
D D. Vacuum tube
The Pascaline, built by Blaise Pascal, was a mechanical calculator. It helped perform addition and subtraction using gears and wheels, reducing manual effort and showing early ideas of automated calculation.
Which Babbage design focused on automatic calculation of mathematical tables
A B. Pascaline device
B A. Difference Engine
C C. Abacus board
D D. Telegraph system
The Difference Engine was designed to compute and print mathematical tables. It aimed to reduce human calculation errors and is an important milestone that influenced later ideas about programmable computing machines.
Which Babbage concept included memory and control, similar to modern computer design
A A. Analytical Engine
B B. Abacus frame
C C. Slide rule
D D. Typewriter
The Analytical Engine included key ideas like stored data, a control unit, and programmable operations. Though not fully built then, it introduced concepts that became the foundation of modern general-purpose computers.
Which early electronic computer used many vacuum tubes and was very large
A B. Abacus
B C. Pascaline
C A. ENIAC
D D. Tablet
ENIAC was an early general-purpose electronic computer. It used vacuum tubes, consumed much power, and occupied large space. It showed how electronic circuits could perform calculations much faster than mechanical methods.
Which early computer introduced the stored-program approach for better flexibility
A B. ENIAC
B C. Abacus
C D. Pascaline
D A. EDVAC
EDVAC supported the stored-program concept, where instructions and data are stored in memory. This allowed easier reprogramming and became a standard model for modern computers, improving flexibility over earlier designs.
Which computer became famous as an early commercial system used in business
A B. EDVAC
B A. UNIVAC
C C. Abacus
D D. Slide rule
UNIVAC was among the first commercial computers used for business and government. It demonstrated that computers could process large records efficiently, helping organizations manage data and reports more effectively.
Who is most widely known as the “father of computers” due to major design ideas
A B. Vint Cerf
B C. Bill Gates
C A. Charles Babbage
D D. Steve Jobs
Charles Babbage proposed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. His concepts of programmable computing, memory, and control structures strongly influenced modern computer architecture, earning him the title “father of computers.”
Who is best known for the theoretical “Turing Machine” and computing foundations
A B. Ada Lovelace
B C. Grace Hopper
C D. Blaise Pascal
D A. Alan Turing
Alan Turing developed foundational ideas in computer science, including the Turing Machine model. His work helped define computation and contributed to early computer development and problem-solving methods.
Which person is most linked with the stored-program architecture description
A B. Dennis Ritchie
B A. John von Neumann
C C. Tim Berners-Lee
D D. Herman Hollerith
John von Neumann described an architecture where instructions and data share memory. This model shaped most modern computers, enabling flexible programming and efficient execution using a central processing and memory system.
Which inventor used punched cards for large-scale data processing systems
A A. Herman Hollerith
B B. Steve Jobs
C C. Alan Turing
D D. Vint Cerf
Hollerith developed punched-card tabulating systems to process large datasets quickly. This approach improved census and business data handling and influenced the later growth of large-scale information processing industries.
Who is often called the first programmer for writing early algorithm notes
A B. Bill Gates
B C. Dennis Ritchie
C A. Ada Lovelace
D D. Tim Berners-Lee
Ada Lovelace wrote detailed notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine, including an algorithm concept. She showed how machines could follow step-by-step instructions, which is why she is often called the first programmer.
Which pioneer is known for compiler work and supporting COBOL language development
A B. Blaise Pascal
B A. Grace Hopper
C C. Steve Jobs
D D. Vint Cerf
Grace Hopper helped develop early compilers, making programming easier by translating human-like instructions into machine code. She also supported COBOL, which was designed for business computing and readable programming.
Which statement best distinguishes hardware from software
A A. Physical parts vs programs
B B. Programs vs cables
C C. Electricity vs paper
D D. Screens vs desks
Hardware refers to physical components like CPU, keyboard, and monitor. Software refers to programs and instructions that tell hardware what to do. Both are necessary for a computer system to function properly.
Which option correctly describes firmware in common devices
A B. Temporary user file
B C. Internet web page
C A. Built-in control software
D D. Spreadsheet document
Firmware is software stored in non-volatile memory that controls basic device functions. It helps hardware start and operate correctly, such as BIOS in a PC or control code inside routers and printers.
During booting, which action happens first in most computers
A B. Opening browser
B C. Playing music
C D. Printing files
D A. Hardware checks
When a computer starts, it performs basic hardware checks to ensure key parts work properly. After this, the boot process loads system startup code and then the operating system into memory for use.
Which interface is best for beginners using icons and menus to operate a computer
A B. CLI interface
B A. GUI interface
C C. BIOS mode
D D. POST screen
A GUI provides windows, icons, and menus to interact easily. Users can click and select instead of typing commands. This makes computers simpler for beginners and is common in modern operating systems.
Which interface is mainly used by typing commands in a text screen
A B. GUI interface
B C. Touch interface
C A. CLI interface
D D. Visual interface
CLI requires typing commands to perform tasks. It is powerful for advanced users, scripting, and troubleshooting. It uses fewer system resources compared to GUI and is still common in servers and developer tools.
Which action is an example of good computer lab safety practice
A B. Run with wires
B A. Manage cables properly
C C. Use wet hands
D D. Block air vents
Proper cable management prevents tripping and device damage. Lab safety also includes keeping liquids away, ensuring ventilation, and handling equipment carefully. These steps protect users and reduce hardware failures.
Which ergonomics setup best reduces neck strain while using a monitor
A A. Screen at eye level
B B. Screen on floor
C C. Screen behind head
D D. Screen far corner
Keeping the monitor at eye level helps maintain a neutral neck position. Good ergonomics also includes proper chair height, back support, and regular breaks to reduce strain during long computer use.
Which practice is most responsible for protecting user accounts
A B. Same password everywhere
B C. Share passwords freely
C A. Strong unique passwords
D D. Write password public
Strong, unique passwords reduce account hacking risk. Using different passwords for different services prevents one leaked password from compromising multiple accounts. Adding two-factor authentication further improves security.
Which activity is an example of digital literacy in online learning
A B. Copy without checking
B C. Share fake news
C D. Ignore privacy settings
D A. Evaluate website reliability
Digital literacy includes checking sources, understanding safe browsing, and recognizing misinformation. Evaluating website reliability helps students use correct information, avoid scams, and build better knowledge using trustworthy digital resources.
Which statement about computing ethics is correct in a school environment
A B. Hack for fun
B A. Respect privacy and rules
C C. Copy paid software
D D. Change others files
Computing ethics means using computers responsibly, following lab rules, and respecting privacy. Students should not access others’ files, spread malware, or use pirated software. Ethical behavior makes digital use safe and fair.
When a system outputs wrong results due to wrong input, it shows
A B. Memory overflow
B C. Network delay
C A. Garbage in-out
D D. Power failure
“Garbage in, garbage out” means output quality depends on input quality. Even accurate computers produce incorrect results if wrong data is entered. Validation and careful data entry help prevent such errors.
In a company, which computer use best matches “transaction processing” meaning
A A. Billing and payments
B B. Watching movies
C C. Drawing cartoons
D D. Playing music
Transaction processing includes handling routine business activities like billing, payments, orders, and receipts. Computers process these quickly and accurately, store records, and help businesses manage large daily operations.
Which part is most responsible for saving files even after power is turned off
A B. CPU cache
B A. Secondary storage
C C. RAM memory
D D. Control unit
Secondary storage like HDD or SSD retains data permanently. RAM is temporary and loses data when power is off. That is why documents must be saved to storage devices for long-term keeping.
Which step best helps avoid losing work when software crashes
A B. Disable power button
B C. Remove RAM stick
C A. Save frequently
D D. Overheat system
Saving often stores the latest changes to disk. If an application crashes, unsaved changes can be lost. Auto-save features help, but regular manual saving is a simple habit to protect work.
Which example best shows “information flow” in an organization
A B. Mouse moving cursor
B C. Fan cooling CPU
C D. Screen brightness change
D A. Reports sent to manager
Information flow means information moves from one level to another for decision making. For example, staff enter data, systems generate reports, and managers use those reports to plan actions and improve performance.
Which option best explains why computers are reliable for repeated calculations
A B. Change logic randomly
B A. Same rules each time
C C. Feel tired quickly
D D. Forget instructions
Computers follow instructions exactly. When the same program and input are used, the output remains consistent. This reliability is useful for payroll, accounting, and scientific calculations where repeat accuracy is necessary.
Which statement best describes what a “computer language” is in simple terms
A A. Rules to write programs
B B. Monitor color settings
C C. Mouse movement style
D D. Keyboard shape design
A computer language provides rules and syntax to write programs. It helps humans express instructions in a form the computer can translate and execute. Examples include C, Java, and Python for programming tasks.