Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and IT (Set-4)
In the IPO model, which situation clearly shows “processing” rather than input or output
A Typing item prices
B Printing final receipt
C Calculating total bill
D Switching on monitor
Processing is the step where the CPU performs calculations and logical operations on input data. Adding item prices to get a final total is processing, while typing is input and printing is output.
Which choice best represents “primary storage” used during active work
A Hard disk
B Pen drive
C DVD disc
D RAM memory
Primary storage refers to memory used directly by the CPU during processing. RAM holds currently running programs and data temporarily, enabling fast access. It is volatile, so its contents disappear when power is off.
A teacher wants a permanent backup of exam results; which storage is most suitable
A CPU registers
B RAM chips
C SSD or HDD
D Cache memory
Permanent backups need non-volatile storage like an SSD or HDD. These devices keep data even after shutdown, making them suitable for saving important files like exam records and long-term institutional data.
Which option best explains “automation” in a payroll system
A Files named manually
B Salaries computed automatically
C Mouse moved slowly
D Screen cleaned daily
Automation means tasks are done automatically once instructions are set. In payroll, the computer calculates salary, deductions, and net pay using fixed rules, reducing manual work and improving speed and accuracy.
A computer giving identical output for the same input and program mainly shows
A Reliability
B Emotion
C Creativity
D Sleepiness
Reliability means a computer produces consistent results under the same conditions. With the same program and input, the output remains the same. This is important in banking, accounting, and record systems.
Which example is “data” but not “information” for a shop owner
A Profit report summary
B Monthly sales chart
C Tax payable statement
D List of item codes
Item codes alone are raw facts without meaning until processed. After analysis, such as linking codes to prices and sales totals, the results become information like profit reports or sales summaries.
Which feature of a computer is most directly related to “doing tasks without errors” when correct input is used
A Versatility
B Storage
C Accuracy
D Size
Accuracy means a computer provides correct results when the program and input are correct. It performs calculations precisely, but wrong input or wrong instructions still lead to wrong output despite accurate execution.
Which term best fits “diligence” in a data entry department
A Works without fatigue
B Makes creative choices
C Understands emotions
D Refuses repeated work
Diligence means the computer can repeat tasks for hours without getting tired or losing performance. This helps in large data entry jobs, where the computer keeps the same speed and accuracy continuously.
Which device is best for capturing spoken answers for a voice-based form
A Speaker
B Microphone
C Printer
D Monitor
A microphone is an input device that converts sound into digital data. It is used for voice recording, online meetings, and voice input systems, where spoken words must be captured for processing.
A barcode scanner used at billing counters is mainly an example of
A Output device
B Storage device
C Input device
D Processing unit
A barcode scanner reads barcodes and sends product information to the computer. This is input because it provides data to the system for processing, such as retrieving price and updating the bill.
Which output device is most suitable to produce a large engineering drawing on paper
A Plotter
B Keyboard
C Mouse
D Scanner
A plotter is an output device used to print large, high-precision drawings like maps and engineering plans. It produces accurate line-based graphics on big sheets, which typical printers may not handle well.
In computer types, which pairing is correct for “continuous values” processing
A Digital computing
B Micro computing
C Mainframe computing
D Analog computing
Analog computers work with continuous data like temperature, pressure, and voltage. They represent values in a continuous form rather than discrete binary numbers, making them useful for certain measurement-based tasks.
A hospital machine measuring signals continuously but storing results digitally is closest to
A Analog computer
B Abacus tool
C Hybrid computer
D Paper calculator
Hybrid computers combine analog measurement with digital processing. They are useful when real-world continuous signals must be captured quickly and then converted to digital form for accurate calculation and storage.
Which type of computer is most likely used for national-level banking core systems
A Tablet
B Mainframe
C Smartphone
D Microcomputer
Mainframes handle massive data, high transaction volumes, and many users simultaneously. Banks use them for core operations because they are reliable, secure, and designed for continuous large-scale processing.
A computer designed mainly for one user but very high performance is usually called
A Workstation
B Minicomputer
C Mainframe
D Supercomputer
A workstation is a powerful single-user computer used for professional tasks like design, simulation, and development. It offers better performance than typical PCs, often with strong CPU, RAM, and graphics.
Which statement correctly matches supercomputers with their common use
A Simple typing tasks
B Basic web browsing
C Complex scientific simulations
D Small home billing
Supercomputers are used for tasks needing extremely high speed and parallel processing, such as climate modeling, space research, and complex simulations. They are not intended for simple daily computing tasks.
Which early device used punched cards to speed up large data counting tasks
A Pascaline machine
B Abacus frame
C Analytical Engine
D Hollerith tabulator
Herman Hollerith used punched cards in tabulating systems for large-scale data processing, famously for census work. This improved speed and accuracy in counting and influenced modern data processing methods.
Which statement is most accurate about ENIAC compared to modern computers
A Used vacuum tubes
B Used microprocessors
C Used IC chips
D Used smartphone OS
ENIAC was an early electronic computer built using vacuum tubes. It was large, power-hungry, and generated heat. Modern computers use transistors and microprocessors, which are far smaller and more efficient.
Which idea made computers easier to reprogram compared to hard-wired instructions
A Bead counting method
B Manual punch writing
C Stored program concept
D Wooden gear design
Stored-program concept means instructions are stored in memory along with data. This allows changing tasks by loading new programs, rather than rewiring hardware. It is a key foundation of modern computer design.
Which generation is correctly linked with integrated circuits becoming common
A First generation
B Third generation
C Second generation
D Fifth generation
Third-generation computers used integrated circuits, which combined many components into small chips. This improved speed, reduced size and cost, and increased reliability compared to transistor-based second-generation computers.
Which generation is most directly associated with personal computers becoming widespread
A First generation
B Second generation
C Fourth generation
D Third generation
Fourth-generation computers used microprocessors, enabling small and affordable PCs. This led to widespread personal computer use in homes and offices, supporting productivity software, communication, and general-purpose computing.
A user seeing icons and clicking menus is using which interface type
A GUI
B CLI
C BIOS
D POST
GUI uses windows, icons, buttons, and menus to interact with a computer. It is user-friendly and reduces the need to remember commands, making it suitable for beginners and everyday computer users.
A system administrator typing commands like “dir” or “ls” is using
A GUI
B Touch UI
C CLI
D Voice UI
CLI is a command-line interface where users type commands to perform tasks. It is powerful for experts, scripting, and troubleshooting. Many servers and advanced tools still rely heavily on CLI.
Which action is a basic step in safe troubleshooting before opening hardware parts
A Touch motherboard pins
B Check cables connections
C Pour water cooling
D Remove CPU quickly
Basic troubleshooting starts with simple checks like power cable, display cable, and loose connections. This avoids unnecessary risk. Opening hardware without proper knowledge can damage parts and may void warranty.
If a system shows frequent crashes after a new app installation, the best basic check is
A Uninstall recent app
B Break the monitor
C Format disk instantly
D Remove all cables
If problems started after installing a new application, removing it is a logical first step. The app may be incompatible or corrupted. Uninstalling helps confirm the cause without doing risky actions like formatting.
Which statement about firmware is correct in a simple PC context
A Used for typing letters
B Prints documents only
C Stores internet pages
D Helps boot hardware
Firmware such as BIOS/UEFI initializes hardware during startup and helps load the operating system. It is stored in non-volatile memory on the motherboard and is essential for basic system control functions.
Which of these is the best example of system software working in background
A Editing a photo
B Playing a game
C Managing memory tasks
D Writing a letter
System software, mainly the operating system, manages resources like memory, CPU scheduling, and device control. It runs in the background so applications can work smoothly and users can run multiple tasks.
Which output best matches “soft copy” rather than “hard copy”
A Display on screen
B Printed paper
C Photocopied sheet
D Written notebook
A soft copy is electronic output viewed on a screen, like documents or reports displayed digitally. Hard copy refers to printed output on paper, such as receipts, printouts, or physical reports.
Which option is a correct example of “hard copy” output
A Screen popup
B Printed report
C Audio alert
D Saved file
Hard copy refers to physical printed output. A printed report is hard copy because it exists on paper and can be read without a computer. Screen output and audio output are soft forms of output.
Which practice best supports safe computer lab usage for electrical safety
A Pull plugs often
B Touch sockets wet
C Keep liquids away
D Block power vents
Liquids can cause short circuits and electric shock. Keeping drinks away from computers and power boards is a basic safety rule. It protects users and prevents damage to keyboards, CPUs, and lab wiring.
For reducing eye strain, which habit is most helpful during long screen work
A Increase glare always
B Sit very close
C Use dim lighting
D Take short breaks
Taking short breaks reduces eye fatigue and improves comfort. Looking away from the screen and blinking regularly helps. Proper brightness, good lighting, and correct screen distance also support healthy computer use.
Which statement best explains why software updates matter for users
A Fix bugs and security
B Reduce screen size
C Remove all storage
D Slow down CPU
Updates often repair software bugs, improve features, and patch security holes. Installing updates helps protect systems from known threats and keeps applications stable, which is important for safe and reliable computing.
Which situation is a clear example of ethical computer behavior in a lab
A Share passwords openly
B Log out after use
C Delete others files
D Install cracked apps
Logging out prevents others from accessing your account and data. Ethical computer use includes respecting privacy, following lab rules, and not harming systems or other users through misuse or unauthorized actions.
A student copying paid software without permission is an example of
A Data backup
B Safe browsing
C Software piracy
D File sharing
Software piracy means using or copying software without a valid license. It is illegal and unethical, and it can expose devices to malware. Legal software use supports security and respects creators’ rights.
Which statement best explains “digital literacy” in practical student life
A Use tech safely
B Avoid all computers
C Memorize hardware only
D Ignore online risks
Digital literacy means using computers and the internet effectively and safely. It includes understanding privacy, evaluating sources, managing files, and practicing secure behavior, which helps students learn and work responsibly.
A report sent from staff to manager to support decisions is an example of
A Heat flow
B Power supply
C Information flow
D Screen refresh
Information flow means moving information between people or departments for actions and decisions. Data is collected, processed into reports, and shared with managers so they can plan, monitor performance, and decide improvements.
Which component is mainly responsible for connecting CPU, RAM, and devices together
A Mouse pad
B Printer toner
C Paper tray
D Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board that links key components like CPU, memory, storage, and ports. It provides communication paths and power distribution so all parts work together as a system.
Which component converts AC power from wall socket into usable DC power for PC parts
A Power supply unit
B Control unit
C Sound card
D Monitor panel
The power supply converts AC electricity to stable DC voltages needed by motherboard, drives, and other parts. A good PSU protects hardware, while a faulty PSU can cause sudden shutdowns or damage components.
Which option best describes “computer language” from a programmer viewpoint
A Monitor pixel control
B Printer paper size
C Coding instruction rules
D Mouse speed setting
A computer language provides rules and syntax to write instructions for tasks. Programs written in languages like C or Python are translated into machine-readable form, allowing the computer to execute operations correctly.
Which language type is directly understood by the CPU without translation
A High-level language
B Machine language
C Natural language
D Assembly comments
Machine language uses binary instructions that the CPU can execute directly. High-level languages must be compiled or interpreted first. Machine code is hardware-specific, making it fast but difficult for humans to write.
Which tool primarily translates high-level code into machine code before execution
A Monitor
B Scanner
C Compiler
D Router
A compiler converts a full high-level program into machine code. This machine code can then run on the CPU. Compilers help detect errors and create faster-running executable programs compared to manual translation.
Which of these best fits “interpretation” in programming language execution
A Line-by-line execution
B Print on paper
C Save in folder
D Cooling system
An interpreter executes code step by step, translating and running it line by line. This makes testing easy but can be slower than compiled code because translation happens during program execution.
Which statement is accurate about “booting” in a computer
A Mouse cleans screen
B Printer warms ink
C Speaker adjusts bass
D OS loads into RAM
Booting is the startup process where the system initializes hardware and loads the operating system into RAM. After booting, the user can run programs and interact with the computer normally.
Which situation best shows “processing unit” work in a spreadsheet
A Typing cell values
B Viewing final chart
C Calculating sum formula
D Printing workbook
When a spreadsheet calculates a formula, the CPU processes data using instructions. Typing values is input, and viewing or printing results is output. Formula calculation is a clear example of processing.
A computer controlling traffic lights based on timing rules is an example of
A Manual computing
B Automation system
C Hand calculation
D Paper processing
Traffic lights use programmed controllers to change signals automatically based on timing and sometimes sensor input. This is automation because the system performs the control task continuously without manual switching.
Which option best describes why computers are widely used in education
A Interactive learning support
B Replace teachers fully
C Remove books always
D Avoid exams
Computers support education through multimedia lessons, online tests, digital libraries, and faster communication. They help students learn interactively, practice skills, and access information, but they do not replace teaching completely.
Which feature is most responsible for keeping large databases of student records
A Bright screen color
B Loud speaker output
C High storage capacity
D Heavy keyboard weight
Storage capacity allows computers to keep large amounts of data like student records, images, and documents. With large storage devices, institutions can maintain long-term databases and retrieve information quickly when needed.
Which statement best explains “accuracy vs speed” relationship in computers
A Speed reduces accuracy
B Accuracy needs emotions
C Speed means guessing
D Both can be high
Computers can be both fast and accurate because they follow electronic operations precisely. If input and program are correct, output remains correct even at very high speeds. Mistakes usually come from wrong data or instructions.
When a company uses computers to track stock levels and reorder points, this is mainly
A Only entertainment use
B Data processing use
C Only gaming use
D Only drawing use
Tracking inventory requires storing item data, updating quantities, and generating reorder alerts. These are data processing tasks where raw stock entries are processed into useful information for business decisions and supply management.
Which option best describes a “computer system” in a complete sense
A Input-process-output setup
B Only monitor screen
C Only CPU cabinet
D Only internet cable
A complete computer system includes input devices, processing unit, storage, software, and output devices working together. The system takes input, processes it using instructions, stores data, and provides output to the user.