Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and IT (Set-5)
A computer’s “accuracy” depends most on which condition being correct during calculation work
A Fast internet speed
B Correct input program
C Bright screen light
D Large desk space
Computers calculate accurately when both the input data and the program instructions are correct. The hardware performs operations precisely, but wrong data or wrong logic will still produce wrong results, even at high speed.
Which statement best explains why computers cannot replace human judgment in many cases
A Slow processing unit
B Low storage space
C No electricity use
D No common sense
Computers do not have human understanding, emotions, or common sense. They follow rules and data. In uncertain or value-based situations, humans judge context, ethics, and meaning, which computers cannot truly do.
In IPO, which mapping is correct for a “scanner used to copy page to PDF”
A Scanner is output
B Scanner is storage
C Scanner is input
D Scanner is CPU
A scanner captures printed text or images and converts them into digital data for the computer. This data is fed into the system, so the scanner is an input device even if the final output becomes a PDF file.
Which output type is best described as a “soft copy” result from a data processing system
A Printed receipt
B Report on screen
C Photocopied sheet
D Written notebook
Soft copy refers to electronic output viewed digitally, such as a report displayed on a monitor or shared as a file. Hard copy is physical print on paper, like receipts and printed reports.
If a bank needs maximum reliability with many users accessing records simultaneously, the best system type is
A Mainframe computer
B Tablet computer
C Analog computer
D Microcomputer
Mainframes are designed for large-scale, multi-user workloads with high reliability and security. Banking uses them for heavy transaction processing, large databases, and continuous operation where downtime and errors are unacceptable.
Which type of computer best matches “continuous signal processing with discrete digital results”
A Digital computer
B Microcomputer
C Minicomputer
D Hybrid computer
Hybrid computers combine analog input for continuous signals and digital processing for accurate calculations and storage. They are useful in medical and industrial systems where real-world signals must be measured and processed precisely.
Which feature of a computer system is most related to handling very large volumes of stored records
A Screen resolution
B Storage capacity
C Keyboard layout
D Speaker output
Storage capacity is the ability to keep large amounts of data like databases, documents, and media. High-capacity storage devices allow long-term record keeping and quick retrieval for institutions and businesses.
A system that checks marks entered are between 0 and 100 mainly supports
A Output formatting
B Hardware cooling
C Data validation
D Screen refreshing
Data validation ensures entered data follows rules, reducing errors and improving reliability. Range checks like 0–100 prevent invalid values, support data integrity, and help produce correct results after processing.
Which information quality factor is most directly affected if a report arrives late for a meeting
A Accuracy
B Completeness
C Storage
D Timeliness
Timeliness means information is available when needed. Even accurate information loses value if it comes late because decisions may already be made. Timely reports help correct planning and action at the right moment.
In a stored-program computer, instructions and data are stored mainly in
A Same memory space
B Only keyboard keys
C Only monitor pixels
D Only power supply
Stored-program concept keeps both instructions and data in memory. This makes computers flexible because tasks can change by loading a new program instead of changing hardware wiring, improving speed of reprogramming.
Which early device is best recognized as a mechanical calculator using gears, made by Blaise Pascal
A ENIAC
B Abacus
C Pascaline
D EDVAC
The Pascaline was a mechanical calculator built by Blaise Pascal to perform arithmetic like addition and subtraction. It used gears and wheels and showed early attempts to automate calculation without electronics.
Which Babbage design included the idea of control and memory, similar to modern computers
A Abacus frame
B Analytical Engine
C Slide rule
D Telegraph
The Analytical Engine was a concept for a general-purpose programmable machine. It included components similar to CPU control and memory, and it used instruction-like steps, making it a major foundation idea for computing.
Which system is most correctly linked with early large-scale punched card data processing
A Pascaline tool
B Difference Engine
C Abacus device
D Hollerith machine
Hollerith’s punched-card tabulating system processed large datasets efficiently, famously for census work. It increased speed, reduced manual counting errors, and influenced later data processing systems used in business and government.
Which correct pairing matches computer generation with dominant technology
A 1st—IC chips
B 2nd—transistors
C 3rd—vacuum tubes
D 4th—punch cards
Second-generation computers used transistors, replacing vacuum tubes. Third generation used integrated circuits, and fourth generation used microprocessors. These technology changes improved size, speed, reliability, and cost across generations.
Which statement best distinguishes microprocessor-based computers from IC-based third generation
A CPU on single chip
B Uses punched cards
C Uses vacuum tubes
D Uses bead counting
Fourth-generation systems use microprocessors where the entire CPU is on one chip. Third generation used integrated circuits but not the full CPU on a single chip. Microprocessors enabled affordable and compact personal computers.
Which pioneer is most strongly linked with the formal model of computation called the “Turing Machine”
A Steve Jobs
B Bill Gates
C Dennis Ritchie
D Alan Turing
Alan Turing proposed the Turing Machine as a theoretical model of computation. It helped define what problems can be computed and influenced computer science foundations, algorithms, and early development of computing ideas.
Which person is best known for the architecture where instructions and data share memory
A Ada Lovelace
B Grace Hopper
C John von Neumann
D Tim Berners-Lee
Von Neumann architecture stores data and program instructions in the same memory. This design made computers flexible and is still used widely. It supports the stored-program concept used in modern computer systems.
Which pioneer is most closely associated with compiler development and COBOL support
A Herman Hollerith
B Grace Hopper
C Blaise Pascal
D Vint Cerf
Grace Hopper helped develop early compilers, making it easier to write programs using English-like commands. She also contributed to COBOL development, which became important for business applications and large data processing.
Who is most associated with inventing the World Wide Web technologies like HTML and HTTP
A Vint Cerf
B Alan Turing
C Charles Babbage
D Tim Berners-Lee
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web by developing core ideas like URLs, HTTP, and HTML. The Web made it easy to access linked information using browsers, changing communication and information sharing globally.
Which pioneer is best linked with internet protocol development, especially TCP/IP
A Steve Jobs
B Ada Lovelace
C Vint Cerf
D Dennis Ritchie
Vint Cerf is widely credited as a key figure in developing TCP/IP, which enables reliable communication across networks. These protocols form the foundation of internet data transfer between devices worldwide.
Which command-style interface is most useful when graphics cannot load but control is needed
A GUI interface
B CLI interface
C Touch interface
D Voice interface
CLI works using text commands and needs fewer resources than GUI. When graphics fail or systems run in minimal mode, CLI can still control files, processes, and settings, making it valuable for troubleshooting and server work.
Which statement about GUI is most accurate in terms of user learning
A Needs no OS
B Only for servers
C Uses binary only
D Easier for beginners
GUI uses windows, icons, and menus that are easy to understand. It reduces memorization of commands and supports visual navigation, making it suitable for beginners and common users of modern operating systems.
In booting, which sequence is most correct at a basic level
A POST then OS load
B OS load then POST
C Output then input
D Print then boot
During startup, the system first performs a hardware check (POST) to confirm basic components work. After that, it loads boot code and then the operating system into memory so the user can use applications.
Which component is most directly responsible for providing stable DC power to motherboard and drives
A Control unit
B ALU unit
C Power supply unit
D Cache memory
The power supply converts AC from the wall into regulated DC voltages needed by internal parts. Stable power is essential for safe operation. Weak or faulty power supplies can cause restarts, crashes, or hardware damage.
Which concept best explains why saving frequently prevents loss after power failure
A CPU is magnetic
B RAM is volatile
C Monitor stores files
D Mouse holds data
RAM temporarily stores working data while a program is running. If power fails, RAM clears instantly. Saving writes data to non-volatile storage like SSD/HDD, which keeps information even when the computer is off.
Which action best supports both privacy and ethics in a shared computer lab
A Share login details
B Disable all updates
C Copy others files
D Log out properly
Logging out prevents others from accessing your account, files, and personal data. It is a simple ethical practice that protects privacy and reduces misuse in labs where many users share the same computer systems.
A student using cracked software introduces which major risk besides illegality
A Better performance
B More RAM space
C Malware infection risk
D Faster boot time
Pirated software often comes from unsafe sources and may include malware. This can steal data, damage files, or compromise networks. Using licensed software improves security, supports updates, and avoids legal problems.
Which ergonomics setup best reduces shoulder and arm strain with mouse usage
A Arm fully stretched
B Elbow near body
C Wrist bent downward
D Mouse very far
Keeping the mouse close and elbow near the body maintains a neutral posture. This reduces strain on shoulder and arm muscles. Proper desk height and relaxed grip also help prevent repetitive strain injuries.
When the same data is shared with different departments, the key aim is improving
A Information flow
B Screen brightness
C Keyboard speed
D Fan cooling
Information flow ensures the right people get needed information for decisions and actions. Sharing processed reports across departments improves coordination, reduces duplication, and supports timely planning and management in organizations.
Which concept best explains “computers are fast but not intelligent”
A Create emotions freely
B Learn without data
C Decide morals always
D Follow instructions only
Computers execute instructions and algorithms quickly but do not truly understand meaning like humans. They cannot naturally reason with emotions or common sense. Their results depend on programs and the data provided.
Which component is most directly responsible for storing firmware like BIOS/UEFI
A RAM module
B Hard disk
C Flash ROM chip
D Monitor memory
BIOS/UEFI firmware is stored in non-volatile memory, commonly a flash ROM chip on the motherboard. This allows the computer to start hardware initialization even before the operating system loads into RAM.
Which statement best differentiates “system software” from “application software”
A Prints pages vs scans
B Manages resources vs tasks
C Keyboard vs mouse
D Speaker vs mic
System software like the operating system manages hardware, memory, and files. Application software helps users perform specific tasks like writing documents or editing photos. Both work together, but their roles are different.
Which language is directly closest to hardware and often written as 0s and 1s
A High-level language
B Natural language
C Flowchart language
D Machine language
Machine language consists of binary instructions executed directly by the CPU. It is hardware-specific and hard for humans to write. Higher-level languages use readable syntax and must be translated to machine code.
Which tool converts a whole program into machine code before it runs
A Compiler
B Interpreter
C Monitor
D Printer
A compiler translates the entire program from a high-level language into machine code. The resulting executable runs directly on the CPU. Compiled programs are often faster because translation is completed before execution.
Which tool typically executes code step-by-step during runtime
A Compiler
B Plotter
C Scanner
D Interpreter
An interpreter translates and executes code line by line. This helps in quick testing and debugging, but it can be slower than compiled programs because translation happens repeatedly during execution rather than once.
Which situation best fits the term “embedded system” rather than a general-purpose computer
A Gaming desktop PC
B ATM controller board
C Office laptop system
D Home tablet device
Embedded systems are built to perform specific functions inside devices like ATMs, washing machines, and routers. They are designed for reliability and limited tasks, unlike general-purpose computers used for many activities.
Which statement is most accurate about the role of the motherboard
A Prints output pages
B Stores user photos
C Produces sound output
D Connects all components
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects CPU, RAM, storage, and devices. It provides communication paths and power distribution, allowing all parts to work together as a functional computer system.
Which scenario most clearly shows “automation” with minimal human intervention after setup
A Manual typing notes
B Hand counting bills
C Scheduled data backups
D Drawing with pencil
Scheduled backups run automatically at set times after configuration. The computer performs file copying and storage without daily manual action. This reduces human workload and helps protect data against failure or deletion.
Which concept best ensures information remains trustworthy during transfer between systems
A Screen clarity
B Data integrity
C Mouse sensitivity
D Speaker volume
Data integrity means data remains accurate and unchanged unless authorized. Checks like validation, access control, and secure transfer help prevent accidental corruption or tampering, ensuring reliable information across systems.
A printed payslip generated by payroll software is best described as
A Input device
B Processing step
C Firmware update
D Hard copy output
A printed payslip is physical output, so it is hard copy. It contains processed information like salary, deductions, and net pay. Printing converts digital results into a paper document for record or proof.
Which feature most helps computers perform multiple tasks quickly by keeping active data close to CPU
A Cache memory
B Speaker output
C Paper tray
D Mouse sensor
Cache is very fast memory close to the CPU that stores frequently used instructions and data. It reduces access time compared to RAM, improving performance when executing repeated operations or running programs efficiently.
In a strict sense, which part actually performs arithmetic operations in CPU
A Control unit
B ALU unit
C Power unit
D Monitor unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit performs arithmetic calculations and logical comparisons inside the CPU. The control unit directs operations, but ALU does the actual math and logic work, such as addition or comparison decisions.
Which statement best explains why an OS is needed for normal computer use
A Increases screen size
B Makes CPU heavier
C Removes need of RAM
D Manages hardware resources
The operating system manages CPU time, memory, storage, and devices. It provides a user interface and services for applications. Without an OS, running programs and managing hardware becomes very difficult for normal users.
Which application area most needs “real-time computing” characteristics
A Word typing task
B Photo album view
C Offline movie watching
D Airbag deployment control
Airbag systems must respond instantly to sensor signals. Real-time computing ensures tasks meet strict timing deadlines. Delays can be dangerous, so embedded controllers are designed to react quickly and reliably.
Which statement best reflects “information” rather than “data” in exam context
A Raw marks list
B Class average report
C Unsorted roll numbers
D Random attendance dots
A class average report is processed, meaningful output derived from marks data. It summarizes performance and supports decisions. Raw marks lists are data, but calculating averages and presenting them creates information.
Which practice most directly helps prevent unauthorized changes to important school records
A Role-based access
B Same password shared
C Public admin login
D No login needed
Role-based access limits what each user can do, such as viewing or editing records. It protects data integrity and privacy by preventing unauthorized changes, reducing errors, and keeping official data trustworthy.
Which statement about computer “speed” is most accurate in performance measurement
A Measured by screen size
B Measured by keyboard keys
C Measured by mouse weight
D Measured in time units
Computer speed can be described by how fast it performs operations, often using time-based measures like microseconds or nanoseconds, or by CPU clock rate and instruction processing capability in real systems.
Which task best illustrates “processing” without direct user interaction after starting
A Clicking start button
B Typing student name
C Reading output text
D Sorting large dataset
Once sorting starts, the CPU processes data internally using algorithms. The user may not interact during the operation. This is processing because the computer is rearranging data logically to produce useful results.
Which statement best describes why computers are preferred for repetitive calculations in science
A Strong emotional logic
B High precision repeatability
C Moral decision power
D Random creative output
Computers perform calculations precisely and can repeat them consistently. Scientific work often needs exact results and repeated simulations. Computers reduce manual errors and can handle complex formulas quickly and reliably.
Which option best describes the role of “feedback” in an information system cycle
A Input stored permanently
B CPU replaced fully
C Printer cleaned daily
D Output used to improve
Feedback means reviewing output and using it to correct input or processing. In systems, feedback helps detect errors, improve accuracy, and maintain quality. It supports better control and continuous improvement in information handling.