Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and IT (Set-10)
A computer’s “automation” is best identified when a system
A Needs manual counting
B Stops after input
C Runs preset steps
D Changes rules itself
Automation means once a task is programmed, the computer performs it automatically with minimal human intervention. It follows preset steps repeatedly, such as generating bills or backups, without redoing manual calculations every time.
Which statement best captures the real meaning of “diligence” in computers
A No tiredness effect
B Has creative thinking
C Learns morals fast
D Shows emotions often
Diligence means a computer can work continuously on repetitive tasks without fatigue or loss of performance. Unlike humans, it does not get tired, so speed and accuracy remain consistent over long hours.
If wrong output is produced despite correct processing steps, the most likely cause is
A Heavy monitor weight
B Wrong input data
C Loud keyboard sound
D Old mouse pad
Computers process exactly what they receive. If the logic is correct but results are wrong, the input data is often incorrect. This matches “garbage in, garbage out,” showing input quality matters.
Which information quality factor is mainly affected when a report is outdated but accurate
A Completeness
B Storage
C Versatility
D Timeliness
Even accurate information loses value if it arrives late. Timeliness means information is available when needed. Outdated reports may not support correct decisions because situations may have already changed.
Which example best shows “processing” in IPO for an online shopping order
A Calculating total price
B Typing delivery address
C Viewing order status
D Printing invoice paper
Processing is the step where the CPU performs calculations and decisions. Adding item prices, discounts, and taxes to generate a final total is processing, while typing is input and viewing results is output.
Which device classification is most correct for a webcam used in online classes
A Output device
B Storage device
C Input device
D Firmware unit
A webcam captures images and video and sends them to the computer for processing or transmission. Because it provides data into the system, it is classified as an input device.
Which output device is best suited for printing architectural designs on large sheets
A Plotter
B Microphone
C Scanner
D Joystick
A plotter is designed for large and precise drawings like maps and architectural plans. It provides high accuracy line printing on big paper sizes, which normal printers often cannot support properly.
A digital computer differs from an analog computer mainly because it uses
A Continuous signals
B Mechanical gears
C Bead movement
D Discrete binary values
Digital computers represent data as discrete values using 0s and 1s. Analog computers work with continuous signals like voltage levels. This difference affects accuracy, storage, and how processing is performed.
A hospital monitor that measures continuous signals but stores results digitally is closest to
A Analog computer
B Abacus tool
C Hybrid computer
D Manual calculator
Hybrid computers combine analog input for continuous measurements and digital processing for accurate computation and storage. Medical instruments often capture analog signals and convert them into digital form for analysis.
Which computer type is most appropriate for supporting thousands of users and heavy transactions
A Mainframe
B Tablet
C Smartphone
D Microcomputer
Mainframes are designed for high reliability, security, and multi-user operation. They handle huge databases and many simultaneous transactions, making them suitable for banking, airline reservation, and large institutions.
Which computer type is mainly used for weather forecasting and complex simulations
A Laptop
B Supercomputer
C Tablet
D Minicomputer
Supercomputers provide extremely high computational power and parallel processing. They are used for weather models, scientific research, and simulations that require processing large datasets and complex calculations quickly.
Which statement correctly matches computer generation with key technology
A 1st—transistors
B 2nd—microprocessors
C 3rd—IC chips
D 4th—vacuum tubes
Third-generation computers used integrated circuits, which combined many components on chips. First generation used vacuum tubes, second used transistors, and fourth used microprocessors, leading to smaller and faster computers.
Which early device is best described as an ancient manual calculator using beads
A Abacus
B EDVAC
C ENIAC
D UNIVAC
The abacus is a manual tool for arithmetic using beads on rods. It predates mechanical and electronic machines and represents early efforts to improve calculation speed and accuracy using simple instruments.
Which machine invented by Blaise Pascal is best known as a mechanical calculator
A Difference Engine
B Analytical Engine
C Tabulator
D Pascaline
The Pascaline used gears and wheels for arithmetic operations. It was created to reduce manual calculation effort and is an important milestone showing early mechanical automation before electronic computers.
The Difference Engine was mainly designed to
A Store web pages
B Compute math tables
C Run video calls
D Create computer games
Babbage’s Difference Engine was intended to calculate and print mathematical tables automatically. This aimed to reduce human error in long calculations and showed early ideas of automatic computation.
Which Babbage design included control and memory ideas similar to modern computers
A Abacus board
B Slide rule
C Analytical Engine
D Typewriter
The Analytical Engine proposed features like memory storage and a control mechanism for instructions. It was a concept for a general-purpose programmable machine, which makes it very similar to modern computer design.
Which early computer is most linked with stored-program concept improvements
A EDVAC
B ENIAC
C Abacus
D Pascaline
EDVAC supported storing instructions and data in memory, enabling easier reprogramming. This stored-program design became a key model for modern computer systems, unlike earlier machines requiring manual setup changes.
UNIVAC is best described as
A Ancient bead calculator
B Mechanical adding tool
C Early commercial computer
D First microprocessor
UNIVAC was among the first computers used for business and government work. It handled large record processing and showed computers could be practical for commercial data processing beyond scientific calculations.
Which pioneer is best linked with the stored-program architecture model used widely today
A Tim Berners-Lee
B Steve Jobs
C Dennis Ritchie
D John von Neumann
Von Neumann architecture stores data and instructions in the same memory. This design is used widely in modern systems, enabling flexible programming and efficient execution of different tasks by loading new programs.
The “Turing Machine” is mainly important because it
A Defines computation model
B Builds faster hardware
C Prints better documents
D Stores huge pictures
The Turing Machine is a theoretical model that explains how computation can be performed using simple steps. It helps define what problems are computable and forms a foundation of computer science theory.
Which pioneer is most associated with punched-card tabulating systems
A Bill Gates
B Herman Hollerith
C Vint Cerf
D Blaise Pascal
Hollerith introduced punched-card data processing to handle large datasets quickly, especially census work. This improved speed and accuracy and influenced later business data processing and early computing industries.
Ada Lovelace is remembered mainly for
A First microprocessor
B First web server
C First algorithm notes
D First router design
Ada Lovelace wrote early algorithm-like instructions for Babbage’s Analytical Engine. She described how a machine could follow steps to compute results, so she is often considered the first programmer.
Grace Hopper’s key contribution that helped programming become practical is
A Compiler development
B Abacus invention
C Vacuum tube design
D WWW creation
Grace Hopper helped develop compilers that translate human-readable code into machine code. This made programming easier and faster, supporting business computing and enabling more people to write programs efficiently.
Dennis Ritchie is best known for creating
A HTML language
B C language
C TCP protocol
D Pascaline device
Dennis Ritchie developed the C programming language and contributed to UNIX. C became one of the most influential languages, forming the base for many modern languages and system software development.
Tim Berners-Lee is mainly known for
A First mainframe
B First compiler
C First abacus
D World Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web and key technologies like HTML and HTTP. This allowed browsers to access linked documents easily, transforming how people share and access information worldwide.
Vint Cerf is most closely connected with
A Analytical Engine
B Vacuum tubes
C TCP/IP protocols
D Difference Engine
Vint Cerf is a key contributor to TCP/IP, which enables reliable communication between devices across networks. These protocols form the basic structure of data transfer on the internet.
Which statement correctly describes firmware in a computer
A Permanent control software
B Temporary user files
C Printed output pages
D Internet browsing tool
Firmware is stored in non-volatile memory and controls basic hardware functions, especially during startup. Examples include BIOS/UEFI. It is not used like applications, but it is essential for system functioning.
Which memory is volatile and loses data when power is off
A ROM
B RAM
C SSD
D HDD
RAM stores currently running programs and data. It is volatile, so its content is erased when power stops. Permanent storage like SSD/HDD keeps data even after shutdown.
Which memory stores basic startup instructions like BIOS/UEFI
A RAM
B Cache
C ROM
D Register
Startup firmware is stored in non-volatile memory, commonly ROM or flash ROM. It remains available even when the computer is off, enabling hardware checks and operating system loading during booting.
Which startup test checks basic hardware before the operating system loads
A POST
B GUI
C CLI
D HTTP
POST (Power-On Self-Test) checks essential hardware like memory and keyboard during startup. If POST succeeds, the system proceeds to load boot code and then the operating system for normal use.
Which interface is best for troubleshooting when graphics are not available
A GUI
B Touch UI
C Icon UI
D CLI
CLI uses typed commands and works with minimal resources. It is useful for troubleshooting and server management when GUI cannot load, allowing users to manage files and system settings effectively.
Which interface is generally easier for beginners because of icons and menus
A GUI
B CLI
C POST
D BIOS
GUI provides a visual interface using icons, windows, and menus. It reduces the need to memorize commands, making it easier for beginners to use computers for common tasks.
Which action best supports ethical computer use in a lab
A Copy paid apps
B Hack accounts
C Use licensed software
D Share passwords
Using licensed software is ethical and legal. Pirated software can contain malware and violates copyright. Ethical use promotes safe computing and respects the work of software creators.
Which digital literacy habit helps reduce misinformation risk during online study
A Share everything fast
B Verify information sources
C Ignore privacy settings
D Click unknown ads
Digital literacy includes checking whether information comes from trusted sources. Verifying authors, websites, and facts helps avoid misinformation and improves learning quality while using internet resources.
Which ergonomics setup reduces eye strain during long screen use most effectively
A Sit very close
B Use strong glare
C Avoid blinking
D Take regular breaks
Regular breaks relax eyes and reduce fatigue. Looking away from the screen, blinking often, and keeping proper distance help prevent eye strain and headaches during long study or office sessions.
Which lab safety rule best prevents short circuits and electrical shock
A Keep liquids away
B Touch wires wet
C Run near cables
D Block ventilation
Liquids can damage devices and cause short circuits or electric shock. Keeping drinks away from computers and power boards is a simple but important lab safety practice.
A computer system’s CPU is often called the brain mainly because it
A Prints documents
B Stores files permanently
C Executes instructions
D Produces sound output
The CPU performs calculations and executes program instructions. It controls processing and coordinates system operations, which is why it is called the brain of the computer.
Which part performs arithmetic and logical comparisons inside CPU
A PSU
B ALU
C Monitor
D Scanner
The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs arithmetic operations and logical comparisons. It is a core CPU component that processes calculations like addition and logical decisions like greater-than comparisons.
Which component converts AC wall power into DC power for computer parts
A Power supply
B Control unit
C Heat sink
D Keyboard
The power supply converts AC electricity into regulated DC voltages needed by computer components. Stable power is essential for safe operation, and faulty power can cause crashes or hardware damage.
Which step is the safest first troubleshooting action when a monitor shows no display
A Replace motherboard
B Remove CPU chip
C Check display cable
D Hit system unit
No display is often due to loose HDMI/VGA cable or wrong input selection. Checking connections is safe and quick. It should be done before attempting risky hardware replacements or opening the system.
Which concept explains why computers can run different tasks by loading different programs
A Mechanical gear method
B Bead counting rule
C Fixed wiring only
D Stored-program concept
Stored-program concept means instructions are stored in memory and can be changed easily. Loading a new program changes the task without changing hardware, making computers general-purpose and highly flexible.
Which statement about “accuracy vs speed” is correct for computers
A Speed reduces accuracy
B Both can be high
C Accuracy needs emotions
D Speed means guessing
Computers can be both fast and accurate because they follow electronic operations precisely. Errors usually come from wrong input or wrong program logic, not because speed reduces accuracy.
Which is the best example of “information” instead of raw data in school
A Grade report summary
B Roll number list
C Unchecked marks
D Random attendance dots
A grade report summarizes marks into meaningful results like grades and totals. Raw lists are data. Processing organizes data into a form that helps decisions, so it becomes information.
Which device is an input device that captures sound into a computer
A Monitor
B Printer
C Plotter
D Microphone
A microphone converts sound into digital signals for the computer. It is used in voice recording, video calls, and voice-controlled systems, making it an important audio input device.
Which device is an input device used to capture printed documents into digital form
A Scanner
B Speaker
C Projector
D Plotter
A scanner reads printed text or images and converts them into digital data. This helps in storing, editing, and sharing documents electronically, making scanning a common input process.
Which device is best for displaying visual output to the user
A Keyboard
B Mouse
C Scanner
D Monitor
A monitor is an output device that shows text, images, and videos. It provides visual feedback from the computer so users can view results and interact with software.
Which computer type is most suitable for a single user doing professional 3D modeling
A Mainframe
B Workstation
C Abacus
D Analog meter
Workstations are designed for high-performance tasks like CAD and 3D modeling. They provide powerful CPU, large RAM, and strong graphics, making them suitable for professional single-user workloads.
Which computer device category best matches a smartphone
A Mainframe system
B Supercomputer unit
C Microcomputer device
D Analog machine
Smartphones are small digital computers designed for personal use, so they fall under microcomputer category. They process data, run applications, and connect to networks like other personal computing devices.
Which information quality property ensures information matches the user’s need for decision
A Relevance
B Loudness
C Weight
D Color
Relevant information directly relates to the decision being made. Even accurate data is not useful if it does not apply to the problem. Relevance helps users focus on meaningful and needed information.
Which method best supports data integrity when entering sensitive records
A Skip all checking
B Share admin login
C Use validation rules
D Use same password
Validation rules check format and limits during entry, reducing errors. Along with access control, they help maintain data integrity so records stay correct, consistent, and trustworthy in databases.