In a computer system, what is the main role of an operating system in daily use
A Manage hardware resources
B Design web pages
C Compile source code
D Manufacture computer chips
Note: The operating system acts as a manager between hardware and applications. It allocates CPU time, memory, storage, and devices so multiple programs can run smoothly and users can work efficiently.
Which type of operating system is mainly designed to complete jobs in groups with little user interaction during execution
A Mobile operating system
B Real-time operating system
C Embedded operating system
D Batch operating system
Note: A batch OS collects similar tasks and runs them one after another without continuous user input. It improves throughput for repetitive workloads like payroll or large data processing.
When many programs appear to run at the same time on one computer, which OS feature makes this possible
A Multitasking capability
B Data encryption feature
C Display calibration tool
D Printer alignment option
Note: Multitasking shares CPU time among programs using fast switching. The OS schedules tasks so each gets processing time, creating the feeling that multiple applications run simultaneously.
Which OS type is built to support many users accessing the same system resources at once
A Single-purpose operating system
B Offline operating system
C Multiuser operating system
D Standalone firmware system
Note: A multiuser OS allows multiple accounts and sessions to use the computer concurrently. It manages permissions, isolates users, and fairly distributes CPU, memory, and storage.
For systems where meeting strict time deadlines is critical, which operating system category is most suitable
A Batch operating system
B General-purpose OS
C Desktop-only OS
D Real-time operating system
Note: Real-time OS focuses on predictable response time. It ensures tasks finish within deadlines, which is essential for control systems like medical devices, industrial automation, and avionics.
Which OS type is commonly used to coordinate computers working together over a network as one system
A Single-user operating system
B Distributed operating system
C Paper-based processing
D Text editor environment
Note: A distributed OS manages multiple connected computers and can make them appear as a single system. It helps share resources, balance workload, and improve reliability across nodes.
In simple terms, what does the kernel represent inside an operating system
A Core OS component
B Graphical wallpaper manager
C File naming convention
D Internet browser engine
Note: The kernel is the heart of the OS. It controls CPU scheduling, memory management, device handling, and system calls, enabling programs to use hardware safely and efficiently.
Which term best describes the OS activity of deciding which process gets CPU time next
A Screen rendering
B Data compression
C File copying
D CPU scheduling
Note: Scheduling is the OS method to choose the next process for execution. It aims to improve responsiveness and fairness while efficiently using the CPU for multiple tasks.
A system call is best described as what in operating system basics
A Keyboard shortcut list
B Request to OS services
C Screen resolution setting
D Folder naming rule
Note: Programs use system calls to request OS services like reading files, creating processes, or using devices. This controlled method protects hardware and keeps system operations organized.
Which interface style mainly uses typed commands instead of icons and windows
A Graphical user interface
B Touch gesture interface
C Voice assistant interface
D Command line interface
Note: A CLI lets users interact by typing commands in a terminal or command prompt. It is powerful for automation and troubleshooting, even though it may be harder for beginners.
In a GUI environment, what do icons mainly represent for the user
A Electric power units
B Memory chip types
C Files or applications
D Network cables
Note: Icons are graphical symbols that represent items like programs, folders, or files. Clicking icons helps users open or manage resources quickly without typing commands.
Which OS component usually interprets and runs user commands typed in a terminal
A Device driver
B File system
C Boot loader
D Shell program
Note: The shell reads user commands and starts programs or OS functions. It acts as an interface between the user and the kernel, especially in command-based environments.
What is the most accurate meaning of “process” in operating system terms
A Program in execution
B Folder in storage
C Device in network
D Text in document
Note: A process is a running instance of a program with its own state, memory space, and resources. The OS tracks processes to schedule CPU time and manage resources.
Which term describes a program file stored on disk before it starts running
A Running process state
B Program stored file
C Active kernel module
D Open system call
Note: A program exists as an executable file on storage. When launched, the OS loads it into memory and creates a process, giving it resources and execution state.
A “thread” is best understood as what inside a process
A Hard disk partition
B Network login token
C Screen pixel group
D Lightweight execution unit
Note: A thread is a smaller execution path within a process. Multiple threads can run tasks in parallel or near-parallel, improving performance and responsiveness in many applications.
Which memory technique divides memory into fixed-size blocks to help manage allocation efficiently
A Manual copying method
B Folder indexing method
C Paging technique
D Screen buffering method
Note: Paging splits memory into equal-sized pages and frames. It reduces fragmentation and allows the OS to map program pages into physical memory as needed, improving efficiency.
What is the main idea of virtual memory in simple OS terms
A Using disk as RAM
B Using GPU as CPU
C Using printer as storage
D Using screen as input
Note: Virtual memory allows the OS to use storage as an extension of RAM. It lets large programs run even when physical memory is limited, though it can slow performance.
Which OS task is most directly related to preventing one user from opening another user’s private files
A Color management
B Screen rotation
C Audio mixing
D Access control
Note: Access control uses permissions and user privileges to restrict file and system resource usage. It ensures only authorized users or programs can read, modify, or execute protected data.
In file management, what does a directory primarily store
A CPU instructions only
B Keyboard driver details
C List of file entries
D Internet routing tables
Note: A directory is a structure that organizes files and subfolders. It stores information like names and links to file locations, making it easier to navigate and manage storage.
Which term refers to information attached to a file such as read-only or hidden status
A File attributes
B CPU registers
C Network packets
D BIOS settings
Note: File attributes describe file properties such as read-only, hidden, system, or archive. The OS uses these attributes to control behavior, visibility, and protection during file operations.
What happens during booting in the simplest correct meaning
A Printer aligns ink heads
B System starts and loads OS
C Monitor adjusts brightness
D Keyboard maps new keys
Note: Booting is the startup sequence where hardware initializes and the operating system is loaded into memory. After booting, the OS takes control and allows user interaction.
A cold boot refers to which situation most accurately
A Restarting without shutdown
B Logging out user account
C Closing all open files
D Powering on from off
Note: A cold boot happens when the computer starts from a fully powered-off state. Hardware performs full initialization checks before the OS loader begins loading the operating system.
A warm boot is best described as which action
A Restarting the system
B Installing a new keyboard
C Cleaning the monitor screen
D Formatting a USB drive
Note: A warm boot occurs when the system restarts without fully turning off power, such as using Restart. It reinitializes key components and reloads the OS to recover or refresh.
BIOS or UEFI mainly helps the system in which early stage task
A Run office applications
B Create user documents
C Initialize hardware at startup
D Edit video files
Note: BIOS/UEFI performs initial hardware checks and prepares devices so the system can find a boot device. Then it hands control to the boot loader to start the operating system.
The boot loader is responsible for which key job
A Clean temporary files
B Encrypt user folders
C Connect to Wi-Fi only
D Load OS into memory
Note: The boot loader is a small program that starts after BIOS/UEFI. It locates the operating system kernel and loads it into memory so the OS can begin running.
Startup programs are best described as what in system configuration
A Apps launched at login
B Files stored in BIOS
C Printer driver test pages
D Deleted recycle items
Note: Startup programs are applications or services configured to run automatically when the OS starts or when a user signs in. Too many startup apps can slow boot time.
In operating system basics, device drivers mainly do what
A Increase screen resolution
B Enable hardware communication
C Write web page code
D Compress image files
Note: Drivers are software that lets the OS communicate with hardware devices like printers, keyboards, and graphics cards. Without correct drivers, hardware may not function properly.
Safe mode is usually used for which practical purpose
A Improve game graphics
B Speed up internet always
C Increase battery capacity
D Troubleshoot system problems
Note: Safe mode starts the OS with minimal drivers and services. It helps diagnose issues caused by faulty drivers, startup programs, or malware by limiting what loads at startup.
System restore is mainly meant to do what
A Format the whole disk
B Replace the monitor display
C Revert system settings back
D Upgrade CPU hardware
Note: System restore returns system files and settings to an earlier restore point. It is useful after bad updates or driver problems, without typically deleting personal documents.
Which built-in tool commonly shows running processes and CPU or memory usage in many desktop OS environments
A Task Manager tool
B Disk Cleanup tool
C Device Manager tool
D Paint editor tool
Note: Task Manager displays running apps, processes, and system resource usage like CPU, RAM, and disk. It helps users end unresponsive tasks and monitor performance issues.
Disk management utilities are mainly used for which storage-related task
A Create user passwords
B Control screen brightness
C Change keyboard layout
D Manage partitions and volumes
Note: Disk management tools handle storage structures like partitions and volumes. They can create, delete, extend, or format partitions, helping organize data and prepare drives for use.
Device Manager is most closely related to which function
A View hardware device status
B Manage email accounts
C Edit spreadsheet formulas
D Create website templates
Note: Device Manager shows installed hardware and driver status. It helps update, disable, or troubleshoot drivers and devices, and it can display errors when hardware is not working properly.
Event Viewer is commonly used for what kind of information
A Photo album thumbnails
B Music playlist sorting
C System logs and errors
D Printer ink level charts
Note: Event Viewer records system events, warnings, and errors. These logs help diagnose crashes, driver issues, login problems, and service failures by showing time-stamped details.
Disk Cleanup is primarily used for which maintenance goal
A Increase monitor size
B Create new user accounts
C Install new CPU drivers
D Remove unnecessary files
Note: Disk Cleanup removes temporary files, cache, and other unneeded data to free storage. It can improve available disk space and sometimes helps performance by reducing clutter.
A backup tool is most directly useful for what purpose
A Increase graphics frame rate
B Recover data after loss
C Improve keyboard typing speed
D Change system language only
Note: Backup tools create copies of important files or system images. If data is deleted, corrupted, or the disk fails, backups allow restoration and reduce the impact of loss.
A firewall in OS settings mainly helps with what
A Control network access
B Boost sound volume
C Increase RAM size
D Fix screen cracks
Note: A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on rules. It reduces unauthorized access and helps protect the system from network attacks and unwanted connections.
Performance monitoring tools are most useful for which type of work
A Write new device drivers
B Replace system hardware parts
C Print colored brochures
D Analyze resource usage trends
Note: Performance monitoring tracks CPU, memory, disk, and network usage over time. It helps find bottlenecks, diagnose slowdowns, and verify whether upgrades or configuration changes are effective.
In OS terms, the shell is best described as what
A Physical memory module
B User interaction layer
C Hard disk motor unit
D Network cable connector
Note: The shell provides a way for users to interact with the OS, either through command line or graphical tools. It translates user actions into requests that the OS can execute.
Which statement correctly contrasts kernel and shell in basic operating system understanding
A Shell controls; kernel decorates
B Kernel prints; shell stores data
C Shell powers; kernel cools CPU
D Kernel controls; shell interacts
Note: The kernel manages core tasks like CPU, memory, and device access. The shell is the interface users work with, sending commands or actions to the OS for execution.
Which file system type is commonly used on many Linux distributions by default
A ext4 file system
B NTFS file system
C FAT16 file system
D HFS+ file system
Note: ext4 is a widely used Linux file system known for stability and support for large files. Different OS families often prefer different file systems for compatibility and features.
Which file system is commonly associated with modern Windows internal drives
A ext3 file system
B APFS file system
C NTFS file system
D ISO9660 file system
Note: NTFS is a standard Windows file system that supports permissions, large files, and journaling. It is commonly used for internal disks because it offers security and reliability features.
In OS security basics, “user privileges” mainly decide what
A Monitor refresh speed only
B Printer paper size only
C Mouse pointer color only
D Allowed actions for user
Note: Privileges define what a user account can do, like installing software or changing system settings. Admin accounts have higher privileges, while standard users are restricted for safety.
What is the basic purpose of system services in an operating system
A Add emojis to documents
B Background tasks for OS
C Increase webcam resolution
D Print photos faster
Note: Services run in the background to support features like networking, updates, logging, and device support. They start automatically and keep essential system functions working without user interaction.
Update management in an OS mainly helps with which objective
A Install patches and fixes
B Rename all user folders
C Increase screen size automatically
D Convert videos to audio
Note: Update management handles downloading and installing security patches, bug fixes, and feature updates. Regular updates help protect against vulnerabilities and improve system stability and compatibility.
In basic OS terms, patching is best described as what
A Replacing computer hardware
B Cleaning dust from fans
C Changing monitor cables
D Applying small software fixes
Note: Patching installs targeted updates to fix security problems or software bugs. Patches reduce risks from known vulnerabilities and can improve reliability without needing a full reinstall.
Which command action is most closely associated with properly closing the OS session and turning off the computer
A Screenshot command
B Search command
C Shutdown command
D Rename command
Note: Shutdown safely closes running programs, stops services, and powers off the system. Proper shutdown helps prevent data loss and file corruption compared to forcing power off.
Which OS concept mainly explains how tasks can be run by sharing CPU time quickly
A Time-sharing method
B Pixel rendering method
C File compression method
D Cable switching method
Note: Time-sharing divides CPU time into small slices for different processes. The OS switches rapidly between tasks, improving responsiveness and making the system usable for multiple programs and users.
What is the most accurate basic meaning of job scheduling in operating systems
A Designing keyboard shortcuts
B Changing wallpaper daily
C Cleaning browser cookies
D Planning task execution order
Note: Job scheduling decides when tasks or jobs should run, especially in batch or server environments. The scheduler can prioritize, delay, or allocate resources so work completes efficiently.
Virtualization in basic IT terms is best described as what
A Printing documents without ink
B Running virtual computers on one
C Storing files without disks
D Typing without keyboard
Note: Virtualization lets a single physical machine run multiple virtual machines. Each VM behaves like a separate computer with its own OS, improving resource use, testing, and isolation.
System logs are most helpful for which practical operating system activity
A Diagnosing errors and events
B Drawing shapes in paint
C Increasing speaker loudness
D Charging battery faster
Note: System logs store records of activities like crashes, warnings, security events, and service status. Reading logs helps identify what happened, when it happened, and which component caused the issue.