Chapter 7: Population and Settlement Geography (Part-1)
Which factor most significantly influences the uneven distribution of population across India, resulting in dense population in fertile plains and sparse population in deserts and mountains?
A Climate
B Religion
C Language
D Urbanization
Climate affects agriculture, water availability, and habitability, leading to high population in fertile, moderate climates like Indo-Gangetic plains and low population in deserts, mountains, and arid zones.
Which Indian state has the highest population density due to fertile plains, urbanization, and historical settlement patterns?
A Bihar
B Rajasthan
C Arunachal Pradesh
D Sikkim
Bihar’s fertile Ganga plains, long agricultural tradition, and urban clusters contribute to the highest population density among Indian states.
Which factor directly influences population growth rates in India, including fertility, mortality, and migration patterns?
A Demographic factors
B Soil type
C Industrial zones
D Climate only
Birth rate, death rate, and migration determine population growth, with higher fertility and lower mortality increasing growth, and migration redistributing population spatially.
Which Indian union territory has the lowest population density due to harsh terrain and limited resources?
A Lakshadweep
B Delhi
C Chandigarh
D Puducherry
Lakshadweep consists of small islands with limited land and resources, causing low population density despite a relatively high literacy rate.
Which indicator measures the proportion of literate people above a certain age, reflecting educational development and human resource potential?
A Literacy rate
B Population density
C Sex ratio
D Fertility rate
Literacy rate reflects educational attainment, socio-economic development, and potential workforce skills, influencing employment, health awareness, and demographic trends.
Which Indian state exhibits a highly skewed sex ratio due to cultural preferences, female infanticide, and migration of male laborers?
A Haryana
B Kerala
C Himachal Pradesh
D Assam
Haryana’s low female-to-male ratio results from socio-cultural factors, gender bias, and selective migration, affecting social structure and gender balance.
Which Indian religion constitutes the majority population and influences cultural practices, festivals, and demographic patterns in northern India?
A Hinduism
B Islam
C Christianity
D Sikhism
Hinduism shapes social structures, rituals, population settlement, and influences festivals and agriculture-based occupations across northern India.
Which Indian language, widely spoken in northern India, also serves as the official language in multiple states and influences cultural cohesion?
A Hindi
B Bengali
C Tamil
D Telugu
Hindi is prevalent in the Indo-Gangetic plain, connecting multiple states culturally and administratively, promoting communication and regional integration.
Which type of Indian tribal community lives in dense forests or hills, maintaining distinct culture, language, and traditional subsistence practices?
A Scheduled tribes
B Scheduled castes
C Urban migrants
D Nomads
Tribal groups inhabit remote regions, rely on traditional agriculture, hunting, and forest products, and preserve unique languages and cultural practices.
Which Indian rural settlement pattern is characterized by houses arranged in clusters around a central open space, typical of Punjab and Haryana villages?
A Clustered
B Linear
C Dispersed
D Grid
Clustered settlements provide security, communal facilities, and efficient land use, commonly found in fertile plains with intensive agriculture.
Which Indian rural settlement pattern occurs along rivers, roads, or valleys, allowing easy access to water and transportation?
A Linear
B Clustered
C Dispersed
D Circular
Linear settlements develop along transportation corridors and water sources, enabling connectivity and efficient utilization of fertile lands in valleys and plains.
Which Indian rural settlement type has houses widely scattered with surrounding farmland, typical in peninsular plateau regions?
A Dispersed
B Clustered
C Linear
D Circular
Dispersed settlements are common where terrain is rugged, population is low, and agriculture is extensive, allowing households to manage land individually.
Which urban settlement characteristic is marked by high population density, infrastructure, and diverse economic activities?
A City
B Village
C Hamlet
D Town
Cities concentrate population and economic activities, providing services, employment, education, and urban amenities, reflecting advanced human settlements.
Which Indian metropolitan city is a major financial, commercial, and port hub, representing urbanization and population concentration?
A Mumbai
B Jaipur
C Bhopal
D Kochi
Mumbai attracts migrants, supports industries, trade, finance, and entertainment sectors, demonstrating rapid urban growth and high population density.
Which factor influences population density and distribution in India, including fertile land, climate, resources, and urbanization?
A Physical and economic factors
B Language
C Religion only
D Culture only
Fertile plains, favorable climate, water availability, and industrial development attract people, while deserts, mountains, and lack of resources result in low density.
Which Indian state shows high literacy, better sex ratio, and slower population growth due to effective education and health policies?
A Kerala
B Uttar Pradesh
C Bihar
D Rajasthan
Kerala’s social development, female literacy, health awareness, and education-oriented culture have reduced fertility, enhanced sex ratio, and controlled population growth.
Which type of Indian rural settlement is common in southern peninsular India with circular arrangement around water sources?
A Circular
B Linear
C Clustered
D Dispersed
Circular settlements in southern India maximize water access and land utilization, often centered around wells or tanks in agrarian communities.
Which Indian urban settlement emerged historically as administrative, religious, or trade centers, gradually expanding into modern towns?
A Historic towns
B Planned towns
C Industrial towns
D Satellite towns
Historic towns evolved around forts, temples, or trading posts, influencing urban layout, culture, and socio-economic structures.
Which Indian urban settlement type is newly planned for industrial or administrative purposes, with organized layouts and infrastructure?
A Planned towns
B Historic towns
C Unplanned villages
D Dispersed towns
Planned towns like Chandigarh and Navi Mumbai are designed for efficient infrastructure, residential and commercial zoning, reducing congestion.
Which Indian tribal group inhabits northeastern states and practices jhum or shifting cultivation in hilly terrains?
A Naga tribes
B Bhil tribes
C Gond tribes
D Santhal tribes
Naga tribes in Nagaland and nearby states practice shifting cultivation due to hilly terrain, preserving traditional culture and sustainable agriculture practices.
Which indicator shows gender composition of a population, expressed as number of females per 1000 males?
A Sex ratio
B Literacy rate
C Population density
D Fertility rate
Sex ratio reflects gender balance, social development, and demographic health, influencing planning for education, healthcare, and social policies.
Which Indian urban settlement is characterized by industrial development, dense population, and supporting peripheral towns?
A Industrial towns
B Historic towns
C Rural villages
D Circular settlements
Industrial towns like Jamshedpur grow around factories, attracting labor, influencing urbanization patterns and regional economic growth.
Which Indian region has high population growth due to high fertility, low literacy, and limited health facilities?
A Uttar Pradesh
B Kerala
C Himachal Pradesh
D Goa
High fertility, limited education, and socio-economic constraints in UP result in rapid population growth, affecting planning and resource management.
Which Indian urban settlement exhibits multi-functional roles including trade, administration, education, and entertainment?
A Metropolitan cities
B Villages
C Hamlet
D Rural cluster
Metros like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore serve diverse functions, attracting migrants, supporting economy, and influencing national demographic patterns.
Which Indian state has low population density due to mountainous terrain and harsh climatic conditions?
A Arunachal Pradesh
B Bihar
C Uttar Pradesh
D Punjab
Arunachal Pradesh’s high mountains, dense forests, and cold climate limit habitability, resulting in sparse population density compared to plains.
Which Indian tribal community inhabits central India, including Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, and relies on forest produce for livelihood?
A Gond
B Bhil
C Santhal
D Naga
Gond tribes live in central Indian forests, practice settled agriculture, and utilize forest resources while preserving unique cultural heritage.
Which type of rural settlement pattern is influenced by topography, agricultural practices, and availability of water resources?
A Clustered and dispersed
B Linear only
C Circular only
D Grid only
Topography and land use determine whether settlements are clustered in fertile plains or dispersed in hilly regions, reflecting adaptation to environment.
Which Indian urban settlement emerged due to IT and service sector growth, with planned infrastructure and high-rise buildings?
A IT cities
B Industrial towns
C Historic towns
D Rural hubs
IT cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad developed around technology parks, attracting educated migrants, shaping urban expansion and economic growth.
Which factor influences literacy and sex ratio in Indian population, including education access, cultural norms, and government policies?
A Socio-economic development
B River systems
C Soil fertility
D Mineral resources
Education, health, and gender-focused policies affect literacy and sex ratio, leading to better social indicators in developed regions.
Which Indian urban settlement type grows spontaneously without formal planning, often in peri-urban areas?
A Unplanned settlements
B Planned towns
C Industrial towns
D Metropolitan cities
Unplanned settlements arise due to rural-urban migration, lack of housing, and informal construction, leading to congestion and inadequate infrastructure.
Which Indian state shows high urbanization due to industrial and commercial hubs, attracting migrants from other states?
A Maharashtra
B Bihar
C Odisha
D Assam
Cities like Mumbai and Pune attract internal migration for jobs, resulting in high urban population concentration and urban growth.
Which Indian metric is used to measure the average number of people living per unit area, indicating population pressure?
A Population density
B Fertility rate
C Mortality rate
D Literacy rate
Population density indicates human pressure on land and resources, guiding planning for infrastructure, health, and resource allocation.
Which Indian rural settlement pattern is commonly found in river valleys, ensuring accessibility to water and fertile land?
A Linear
B Clustered
C Circular
D Dispersed
Linear settlements follow rivers or roads, optimizing access to water, transportation, and fertile farmland for agriculture.
Which Indian state exhibits balanced population distribution due to moderate fertility, effective health system, and education?
A Kerala
B Uttar Pradesh
C Bihar
D Rajasthan
Kerala’s health awareness, literacy, and low fertility contribute to balanced population distribution and slower growth.
Which Indian urban settlement is primarily administrative, with planned layout, government offices, and civic infrastructure?
A Capital city
B Industrial town
C IT city
D Metropolitan city
Capital cities like Delhi or Chandigarh are planned for administrative functions, providing civic amenities and organized urban development.
Which Indian tribe in Jharkhand and Odisha relies on forests and agriculture, with distinct language and cultural practices?
A Santhal
B Gond
C Bhil
D Naga
Santhals inhabit forested and plateau areas, practicing subsistence farming, maintaining traditional language, arts, and community structures.
Which Indian rural settlement type provides security, efficient land use, and community support in fertile plains?
A Clustered
B Dispersed
C Linear
D Circular
Clustered settlements concentrate houses, communal facilities, and farmland access, supporting social cohesion and agricultural efficiency.
Which Indian population trend shows declining fertility and mortality rates, observed in highly developed states?
A Demographic transition
B Overpopulation
C Rural migration
D Urbanization
Demographic transition reflects socio-economic development, education, and healthcare, reducing fertility and mortality, leading to stabilized population growth.
Which factor significantly affects urban settlement growth in India, including employment opportunities, infrastructure, and migration?
A Economic opportunities
B Religion
C Language
D Soil type
Availability of jobs, industrial hubs, and infrastructure attracts migrants to cities, driving urban expansion and metropolitan development.
Which Indian tribal group lives in Rajasthan’s desert areas, adapted to nomadic pastoralism and arid conditions?
A Bhil
B Gond
C Santhal
D Naga
Bhils in arid western India practice pastoralism, adapted to desert climate, sparse vegetation, and maintain distinct culture and settlements.
Which Indian metric indicates the number of females per 1000 males and reflects gender balance in society?
A Sex ratio
B Literacy rate
C Population density
D Growth rate
Sex ratio shows demographic health, social equity, and is influenced by mortality, migration, and socio-cultural practices affecting gender balance.
Which Indian urban settlement is historically based, serving trade, cultural, and administrative functions, often expanding organically?
A Historic towns
B Industrial towns
C Planned towns
D IT cities
Historic towns like Varanasi grew around religious, trade, or fort centers, influencing urban layout, population distribution, and cultural heritage.
Which Indian urban area experiences rapid growth due to migration, industrialization, and economic opportunities, often causing congestion?
A Metropolitan cities
B Villages
C Hamlets
D Tribal settlements
Metros attract migrants for employment, education, and services, leading to dense population, high demand for housing, and urban challenges.
Which Indian factor influences literacy, sex ratio, and health, shaping population quality and social development?
A Socio-economic development
B Soil fertility
C Rainfall
D Mineral resources
Education, healthcare, income, and government policies enhance literacy, improve gender balance, and reduce mortality, leading to better human development indices.
Which Indian rural settlement type is organized in circular patterns, often surrounding a pond or central well?
A Circular
B Clustered
C Linear
D Dispersed
Circular villages optimize access to water, provide central communal spaces, and are common in southern India and plateau regions.
Which Indian urban settlement is specifically developed for IT and software industries, featuring planned infrastructure and modern amenities?
A IT cities
B Industrial towns
C Historic towns
D Metros
IT cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad grow around technology parks, attract skilled labor, and develop urban infrastructure catering to knowledge-based industries.
Which Indian tribal group inhabits forested areas of central India and practices settled agriculture alongside forest resource use?
A Gond
B Bhil
C Santhal
D Naga
Gonds are central Indian tribes dependent on forests and agriculture, maintaining traditional culture, language, and contributing to ecological diversity.
Which Indian rural settlement pattern develops along roads, rivers, or valleys to maximize accessibility and resource use?
A Linear
B Clustered
C Circular
D Dispersed
Linear settlements optimize transport, irrigation, and land use along natural or artificial corridors, common in plains and valley regions.
Which Indian state exhibits high literacy, balanced sex ratio, and controlled population growth due to effective social policies?
A Kerala
B Uttar Pradesh
C Bihar
D Rajasthan
Kerala’s investment in education and health, female empowerment, and social welfare have created a model for sustainable population management.
Which Indian metric measures average number of people living per unit area and guides regional planning and resource allocation?
A Population density
B Fertility rate
C Mortality rate
D Literacy rate
Population density indicates human pressure on land, guiding policy decisions in housing, infrastructure, healthcare, and resource distribution across regions.