Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing
A carbon and oxygen
B carbon and nitrogen
C carbon and hydrogen
D carbon only
Hydrocarbons consist exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Alkanes are also known as
A unsaturated hydrocarbons
B olefins
C paraffins
D aromatics
Alkanes are called paraffins due to their low chemical reactivity.
General formula of alkanes is
A CₙH₂ₙ
B CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
C CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
D CₙHₙ
Saturated hydrocarbons follow this general formula.
Which hydrocarbon is saturated
A ethene
B ethyne
C benzene
D ethane
Ethane contains only single bonds.
Carbon atoms in alkanes are
A sp-hybridised
B sp²-hybridised
C sp³-hybridised
D dsp²-hybridised
Alkanes contain tetrahedral carbon atoms.
Which reaction is characteristic of alkanes
A electrophilic addition
B nucleophilic substitution
C free radical substitution
D electrophilic substitution
Alkanes mainly undergo halogenation via free radical mechanism.
Chlorination of methane occurs in presence of
A heat only
B UV light
C catalyst
D acid
UV light initiates free radical formation.
In free radical halogenation, the initiation step involves
A formation of carbocation
B homolytic cleavage
C heterolytic cleavage
D rearrangement
Halogen molecule splits into radicals.
Which step determines the rate of free radical substitution
A initiation
B propagation
C termination
D rearrangement
Propagation steps control reaction speed.
Order of reactivity of halogens towards alkanes is
A F₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂ > I₂
B I₂ > Br₂ > Cl₂ > F₂
C Cl₂ > F₂ > Br₂ > I₂
D Br₂ > Cl₂ > F₂ > I₂
Reactivity decreases with bond dissociation energy.
Selectivity in halogenation is highest for
A fluorination
B chlorination
C bromination
D iodination
Bromination is slow and highly selective.
Major product of chlorination of propane is
A 1-chloropropane
B 2-chloropropane
C equal mixture
D propyl chloride only
Secondary hydrogen abstraction is favoured.
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing
A only single bonds
B one triple bond
C one double bond
D aromatic ring
Alkenes have at least one C=C bond.
General formula of alkenes is
A CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
B CₙH₂ₙ
C CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
D CₙHₙ
Applies to open-chain alkenes.
Carbon atoms of double bond are
A sp³
B sp
C sp²
D dsp²
Double-bonded carbon is trigonal planar.
Alkenes mainly undergo
A substitution
B elimination
C addition
D rearrangement
π-bond breaks to form two σ-bonds.
Electrophilic addition occurs due to
A electron-rich alkene
B electron-poor alkene
C free radicals
D nucleophiles
π-electrons attract electrophiles.
Markovnikov’s rule applies to addition of
A Cl₂
B H₂
C HX
D KMnO₄
Determines orientation of addition.
According to Markovnikov’s rule, hydrogen attaches to carbon
A with more alkyl groups
B with fewer hydrogens
C with more hydrogens
D randomly
More stable carbocation is formed.
Anti-Markovnikov addition is shown by
A HCl
B HBr in presence of peroxide
C HI
D H₂SO₄
Peroxide effect follows free radical pathway.
Which reaction follows free radical mechanism in alkenes
A addition of HCl
B hydration
C HBr with peroxide
D ozonolysis
Known as peroxide effect.
Alkynes contain
A one double bond
B two double bonds
C one triple bond
D aromatic ring
Carbon-carbon triple bond present.
General formula of alkynes is
A CₙH₂ₙ
B CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
C CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
D CₙHₙ
Unsaturated with one triple bond.
Carbon atoms in alkynes are
A sp³
B sp²
C sp
D dsp²
Linear geometry with 180° bond angle.
Terminal alkynes are acidic due to
A inductive effect
B sp-hybridisation
C resonance
D hyperconjugation
High s-character stabilises conjugate base.
Which reagent distinguishes alkene from alkane
A NaOH
B KMnO₄
C HCl
D NH₃
Baeyer test decolourisation.
Ozonolysis of alkenes gives
A alcohols
B acids only
C aldehydes/ketones
D alkanes
Cleavage of double bond.
Dehydration of alcohol produces
A alkane
B alkene
C alkyne
D ether
Elimination of water.
Elimination reaction involves removal of
A two groups from same carbon
B two groups from adjacent carbons
C one group only
D free radical
Leads to formation of π-bond.
Saytzeff’s rule predicts formation of
A least substituted alkene
B most substituted alkene
C terminal alkene
D random product
More stable alkene predominates.
Elimination using alcoholic KOH follows
A SN1
B SN2
C E2
D radical
Strong base favours elimination.
Which alkene is most stable
A ethene
B propene
C but-1-ene
D 2-methyl-2-butene
Maximum substitution.
Benzene is classified as
A alkene
B alkyne
C aromatic hydrocarbon
D cycloalkane
Shows aromaticity.
Benzene has how many π-electrons
A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8
Follows Hückel’s rule (4n+2).
Benzene mainly undergoes
A addition
B elimination
C electrophilic substitution
D nucleophilic substitution
Aromaticity is preserved.
Which reagent nitrates benzene
A conc. HNO₃
B HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
C NaNO₃
D NO₂
Generates nitronium ion.
Halogenation of benzene requires
A UV light
B FeCl₃ / AlCl₃
C NaOH
D peroxide
Lewis acid catalyst.
Friedel–Crafts alkylation introduces
A –NO₂
B –SO₃H
C alkyl group
D –CHO
Alkylation of aromatic ring.
Friedel–Crafts reaction does not occur with
A benzene
B toluene
C nitrobenzene
D anisole
Ring is strongly deactivated.
Aromaticity requires
A planarity
B conjugation
C (4n+2) π-electrons
D all of these
All three conditions must be satisfied.
Which compound is aromatic
A cyclohexene
B cyclobutadiene
C benzene
D cyclohexane
Fulfils Hückel’s rule.
Anti-aromatic compounds have
A (4n+2) π-electrons
B 4n π-electrons
C no conjugation
D sp³ carbons
Highly unstable systems.
Which hydrocarbon is most reactive
A alkane
B alkene
C alkyne
D aromatic
π-bond readily participates in reactions.
Hydrogenation of alkene gives
A alkyne
B alkane
C alcohol
D ether
Addition of H₂ saturates the bond.
Catalyst used in hydrogenation is
A AlCl₃
B FeCl₃
C Ni / Pd / Pt
D H₂SO₄
Metal catalysts activate hydrogen.
Bromine water test is positive for
A alkane
B alkene
C aromatic compound
D alcohol
Decolourisation indicates unsaturation.
Which compound gives white precipitate with ammoniacal AgNO₃
A ethene
B ethyne
C ethane
D benzene
Terminal alkynes form silver acetylide.
Which reaction forms alkene from alkyl halide
A substitution
B elimination
C addition
D rearrangement
Removal of HX gives alkene.
Most acidic hydrocarbon is
A alkane
B alkene
C alkyne
D benzene
sp-hybridised carbon stabilises negative charge.
Correct statement is
A Alkanes show addition reactions
B Alkenes show substitution reactions
C Alkynes are less reactive than alkanes
D Benzene prefers substitution over addition
Addition would destroy aromaticity