Time period of SHM depends on:
A Initial phase
B Initial displacement
C System parameters
D Energy of the system
T depends only on m, k, L, g etc., not initial conditions.
The angular frequency of a mass–spring system is:
A √(k/m)
B k/m
C m/k
D √(m/k)
ω=k/m\omega = \sqrt{k/m}ω=k/m.
Velocity in SHM is maximum at:
A Extreme position
B Mean position
C Any random point
D Node
At x = 0 → v = Aω.
For a simple pendulum, T does NOT depend on:
A Length
B Gravity
C Amplitude (for small angles)
D Mass of bob
Mass cancels out for pendulum.
Total energy in SHM is proportional to:
A Amplitude
B Amplitude²
C Displacement
D Velocity
E=12kA2E = \frac{1}{2}kA^2E=21kA2.
If amplitude becomes 3A, total energy becomes:
A 3E
B 6E
C 9E
D E/3
Energy ∝ A² → (3A)² = 9A².
The graph of displacement vs time for SHM is a:
A Straight line
B Sine/cosine wave
C Parabola
D Triangle wave
SHM is sinusoidal.
Acceleration in SHM is:
A Constant
B Always positive
C Maximum at x = ±A
D Zero everywhere
a = −ω²x → largest magnitude at extremes.
If time period increases, frequency:
A Increases
B Decreases
C Becomes zero
D Doubles
f = 1/T.
SHM is a type of:
A Non-linear motion
B Periodic motion
C Random motion
D Accelerated but non-periodic motion
SHM repeats after every T.
In damped oscillations, mechanical energy:
A Increases
B Constant
C Decreases
D Oscillates
Energy lost due to damping forces.
In forced oscillation, the external agent:
A Applies restoring force
B Applies driving force
C Removes energy
D Stops oscillation
Forces the system to oscillate.
When damping is very small, resonance curve becomes:
A Flatter
B Sharper
C Constant
D Zero
Low damping → high Q → sharp peak.
In an underdamped system, motion is:
A Non-oscillatory
B Oscillatory
C Constant
D Random
Oscillates with decreasing amplitude.
Power absorbed at resonance is proportional to:
A 1/R
B R
C R²
D √R
Smaller damping (R) → higher power at resonance.
Critical damping gives:
A Fastest return to equilibrium without oscillation
B Oscillatory motion
C Slow return
D No return
Borderline between oscillation and overdamping.
In forced oscillation, phase difference depends on:
A Driving frequency
B Amplitude
C Length
D Mass only
Phase lag varies with frequency.
If damping increases, resonant frequency:
A Increases
B Decreases
C Same
D Doubles
Damping lowers effective natural frequency.
When two pendulums are coupled, they exchange:
A Temperature
B Electric charge
C Energy
D Mass
Coupled oscillators transfer energy periodically.
Beats can be considered a result of:
A Damping
B Resonance
C Coupling of two oscillations
D Non-linear motion
Two-frequency superposition → beats.
A wave travelling in negative x-direction is written as:
A y = A sin(ωt − kx)
B y = A sin(ωt + kx)
C y = A cos(kx)
D y = A sin(ω/k)
Positive sign indicates negative-x propagation.
A wave front represents points with:
A Same displacement
B Same amplitude
C Same phase
D Same velocity
Points on a wavefront have equal phase.
Huygens’ principle helps to explain:
A Reflection only
B Refraction only
C Diffraction
D All of the above
It applies to all wave behaviors.
If wavelength becomes smaller, frequency:
A Decreases
B Increases
C Same
D Infinite
v = fλ → if v constant, λ↓ → f↑.
Two waves of equal amplitude superpose in phase. Resultant amplitude is:
A 0
B A
C 2A
D A/2
Constructive interference.
A region of destructive interference has:
A Maximum displacement
B Minimum displacement
C Maximum pressure
D Constant velocity
Destructive → cancellation.
Intensity of wave is proportional to:
A A
B A²
C A³
D A⁴
I ∝ amplitude².
In longitudinal waves, particles oscillate:
A Perpendicular to propagation
B Parallel to propagation
C Randomly
D Elliptically
Compression/rarefaction mechanism.
If two points differ in phase by 2π, they are:
A Same phase
B Opposite phase
C Random
D At node
Phase repeats every 2π.
A sine wave y = A sin(ωt − kx) has phase constant:
A Zero
B A
C ω
D k
No added phase → φ = 0.
In standing waves, nodes occur due to:
A Maximum particle motion
B Destructive interference
C Constructive interference
D No interference
Opposite waves cancel.
In open-open pipe, fundamental mode has:
A 1 node
B 2 nodes
C No nodes
D Infinite nodes
Node in middle, antinodes at ends.
Ratio of frequencies of first three harmonics in a string:
A 1:1:1
B 1:2:3
C 1:3:5
D 2:3:4
Open systems → full harmonics.
In closed pipe, fundamental wavelength is:
A 2L
B 4L
C L/2
D L
Closed-open pipe → λ₁ = 4L.
A point halfway between node and antinode has:
A Zero energy
B Minimum energy
C Maximum energy
D No oscillation
Energy oscillates strongly at these locations.
For a string, wave speed increases if:
A Mass density increases
B Tension increases
C Length increases
D Frequency decreases
v = √(T/μ) → more tension → faster wave.
When frequency increases in a string, wavelength:
A Increases
B Decreases
C Same
D Doubles
v constant → λ = v/f.
If two waves interfere constructively, energy:
A Doubles
B Increases
C Decreases
D Remains unchanged overall
Energy redistributes; total energy remains same.
A node is located at:
A Compression
B Rarefaction
C Zero displacement point
D Maximum pressure point
Node = no movement.
In open-open pipe, third harmonic has:
A 2 loops
B 3 loops
C 4 loops
D 5 loops
n-th harmonic → n loops.
Speed of sound is independent of:
A Temperature
B Pressure (at constant density)
C Medium
D Elasticity
In gases, v ∝ √(T), independent of pressure at constant T.
Quality (timbre) of sound depends on:
A Frequency
B Overtones
C Loudness
D Amplitude only
Overtones determine sound character.
The loudness of sound is measured in:
A Hz
B Decibel
C Newton
D Joule
Loudness → dB scale.
When source moves away, observed frequency:
A Increases
B Decreases
C Same
D Infinite
Doppler effect.
Mach number is:
A Ratio of v to speed of sound
B Ratio of speed of sound to v
C Pressure/Sound
D Frequency × wavelength
Mach = object speed / sound speed.
Audible range for humans:
A < 20 Hz
B 20–20,000 Hz
C > 20,000 Hz
D 2–20 Hz
Human hearing limits.
Reverberation increases if:
A Absorption increases
B Soft material used
C Hard reflective surfaces present
D Carpets added
More reflection → more reverberation.
Echo is distinctly heard when time difference is:
A < 0.01 s
B ≥ 0.1 s
C 0.01–0.05 s
D 10 s
Min time for echo ≈ 0.1 s.
Sound cannot travel in:
A Solids
B Liquids
C Gases
D Vacuum
Needs a medium.
Beats per second between 500 Hz and 510 Hz:
A 0
B 5
C 10
D 20
|500 − 510| = 10 Hz.