Inclusive growth refers to growth that
A Benefits only urban population
B Focuses only on GDP increase
C Includes all sections of society
D Promotes capital-intensive growth
Inclusive growth ensures that benefits of growth reach all social groups.
The main objective of inclusive growth is to
A Increase exports
B Reduce poverty and inequality
C Promote privatization
D Control inflation only
Inclusive growth emphasizes equity along with growth.
Which group is a major focus of inclusive growth policies?
A Large corporations
B Urban elites
C Marginalized and vulnerable sections
D Foreign investors
Policies target poor, women, and disadvantaged groups.
Inclusive growth differs from trickle-down growth because it
A Ignores redistribution
B Relies only on markets
C Directly addresses inequality
D Focuses on capital formation only
Inclusive growth consciously includes equity measures.
Sustainable development means
A Maximum exploitation of resources
B Development without concern for future
C Meeting present needs without harming future needs
D Growth without technology
Sustainability balances present and future requirements.
The concept of sustainable development was popularized by
A UNDP
B Brundtland Commission
C World Bank
D IMF
Brundtland Report (1987) defined sustainable development.
Environmental degradation affects development by
A Increasing productivity
B Improving health
C Reducing resource availability
D Increasing employment
Degradation lowers long-term growth potential.
Which indicator reflects environmental sustainability?
A GDP
B HDI
C Carbon emissions
D Per capita income
Emissions indicate environmental stress.
Sustainable development requires
A Unlimited resource use
B Ignoring climate change
C Balance between growth and environment
D Export promotion only
Growth must respect ecological limits.
Green technologies help sustainable development by
A Increasing pollution
B Conserving resources
C Raising unemployment
D Reducing efficiency
Green technology minimizes environmental damage.
Regional imbalance refers to
A Equal development of regions
B Unequal development across regions
C Urbanization only
D Population imbalance
Some regions develop faster than others.
Regional imbalance in India is mainly due to
A Uniform policies
B Natural resource distribution
C Equal infrastructure
D Equal investment
Resource-rich areas develop faster.
Which policy aims to reduce regional disparities?
A Liberalization
B Balanced regional development policy
C Export promotion
D Privatization
Targeted investment reduces imbalance.
Backward region development programs focus on
A Urban areas only
B Industrial hubs only
C Underdeveloped regions
D Export zones
Programs target lagging regions.
Infrastructure development helps reduce regional imbalance by
A Increasing migration only
B Improving connectivity and investment
C Increasing inequality
D Concentrating growth
Infrastructure attracts economic activity.
Poverty is defined as a condition of
A Low income only
B Lack of basic necessities
C Low exports
D High unemployment only
Poverty includes deprivation of food, health, and shelter.
Absolute poverty refers to
A Poverty relative to others
B Inability to meet basic needs
C Urban poverty only
D Income inequality
Absolute poverty measures subsistence deprivation.
Relative poverty is measured by
A Calorie intake
B Income distribution
C Poverty line
D Consumption basket
Relative poverty compares income levels within society.
Poverty line represents
A Minimum income for luxury
B Minimum income for basic needs
C Average income
D Maximum income
Poverty line defines subsistence threshold.
Poverty in India is largely associated with
A High productivity
B Rural areas
C Capital abundance
D Industrial growth
Rural areas have higher poverty incidence.
Which program aimed at poverty alleviation through employment?
A PMJDY
B MNREGA
C Make in India
D GST
MNREGA guarantees rural employment.
Unemployment means
A Working less hours
B Willing but unable to find work
C Working in agriculture
D Low wages
Unemployed persons seek but lack jobs.
Disguised unemployment is common in
A Manufacturing
B IT sector
C Agriculture
D Banking
More workers than required share work.
Seasonal unemployment occurs due to
A Technological change
B Seasonal nature of activities
C Industrial decline
D Migration
Agriculture provides work only in seasons.
Structural unemployment arises due to
A Economic slowdown
B Skill mismatch
C Seasonal demand
D Voluntary choice
Skills do not match job requirements.
Educated unemployment in India reflects
A Lack of education
B Skill mismatch and slow job creation
C Excess demand for labour
D Population decline
Education does not align with market needs.
Inequality refers to
A Equal income distribution
B Unequal distribution of income and wealth
C Poverty only
D Unemployment only
Inequality measures income and wealth gaps.
Which tool measures income inequality?
A HDI
B Gini coefficient
C Poverty line
D CPI
Gini coefficient quantifies inequality.
High inequality affects development by
A Promoting growth
B Reducing social cohesion
C Increasing savings
D Improving welfare
Inequality leads to social tensions.
Inclusive growth policies reduce inequality by
A Reducing education
B Expanding access to opportunities
C Increasing taxes only
D Promoting monopolies
Equal access improves income distribution.
Poverty alleviation requires
A Growth only
B Redistribution only
C Growth with equity
D Export promotion
Growth must be inclusive to reduce poverty.
Which sector expansion helps reduce rural poverty most?
A Capital-intensive industry
B Agriculture and allied activities
C IT services
D Mining
Agriculture employs rural poor.
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to
A Promote growth without equity
B End poverty and protect planet
C Increase military spending
D Control trade
SDGs integrate economic, social, and environmental goals.
Which SDG focuses on poverty?
A SDG 1
B SDG 5
C SDG 8
D SDG 13
SDG 1 aims to end poverty.
Climate change affects development mainly by
A Increasing agricultural productivity
B Increasing natural disasters
C Reducing inequality
D Raising exports
Climate risks harm livelihoods and growth.
Sustainable agriculture promotes
A Excess chemical use
B Soil and water conservation
C Resource depletion
D Short-term output only
Sustainability protects natural resources.
Which policy supports inclusive growth in India?
A GST only
B Social sector schemes
C Capital market reforms
D Disinvestment
Health, education, and welfare schemes support inclusion.
Regional imbalance can lead to
A Balanced migration
B Inter-regional migration
C Equal income distribution
D Reduced inequality
People migrate from poor to developed regions.
Unemployment rate measures
A Total population
B Labour force without jobs
C Working population
D Dependents
It shows proportion of unemployed in labour force.
Poverty reduction improves development by
A Reducing demand
B Enhancing human capabilities
C Lowering productivity
D Increasing inequality
Better living standards raise productivity.
Which program aims at financial inclusion?
A MNREGA
B PMJDY
C Make in India
D GST
PMJDY provides banking access to all.
Inequality can be reduced through
A Progressive taxation
B Regressive taxation
C Flat subsidies only
D Trade barriers
Progressive taxes redistribute income.
Sustainable development discourages
A Renewable energy
B Resource conservation
C Excessive fossil fuel use
D Environmental protection
Fossil fuels increase pollution.
Which sector’s growth is most inclusive?
A Capital-intensive manufacturing
B Agriculture
C IT services
D Mining
Agriculture employs large poor population.
Poverty and unemployment are linked because
A Poor people do not work
B Unemployment reduces income
C Poverty increases exports
D Unemployment increases savings
Lack of jobs lowers income and consumption.
Which indicator shows regional disparity?
A GDP growth
B State-wise per capita income
C National income
D Inflation rate
Differences across states reflect imbalance.
Inclusive growth stresses
A Growth without jobs
B Jobless growth
C Employment generation
D Capital deepening only
Jobs ensure income distribution.
Sustainable development requires participation of
A Government only
B Private sector only
C All stakeholders
D Foreign institutions only
Collective effort ensures sustainability.
Poverty alleviation programs fail mainly due to
A Excess funding
B Poor implementation
C High growth
D High savings
Leakages and inefficiency reduce impact.
Long-term solution to inequality is
A Short-term subsidies
B Human capital development
C Trade barriers
D Population control only
Education and skills create equal opportunities.