Which region of India is recognized for its tropical evergreen forests, high biodiversity, and dense rainfall throughout the year?
A Western Ghats
B Andaman Islands
C Northeastern states
D Rajasthan
Northeastern India receives heavy rainfall and has tropical evergreen forests, supporting rich flora and fauna, making it a biodiversity hotspot crucial for conservation.
Why are mangrove forests primarily found in the deltas of rivers like Ganga, Mahanadi, and Godavari?
A High altitude
B Tidal influence and saline water
C Mountain slopes
D Dry climate
Mangroves thrive in intertidal zones with brackish water, protecting coastlines from erosion, providing habitat for wildlife, and supporting fisheries.
Which of the following is a major threat to India’s biodiversity and forest ecosystems?
A Afforestation
B Deforestation and habitat fragmentation
C Rainfall
D Soil erosion
Human activities such as logging, urbanization, and agriculture fragment habitats, reduce forest cover, and threaten species survival, requiring conservation strategies.
Which ecological concept explains the transfer of energy through producers, herbivores, and carnivores in an ecosystem?
A Food chain
B Biome
C Habitat
D Trophic level
A food chain shows the linear flow of energy from plants (producers) to herbivores and then carnivores, highlighting energy transfer and ecological balance.
Which of the following best describes a food web in an ecosystem?
A Single chain of predators
B Interconnected food chains showing multiple energy pathways
C Plant diversity
D Decomposition process
Food webs represent complex interactions among organisms, showing multiple feeding relationships and energy flow pathways, which ensures ecosystem stability.
Which Indian state is famous for conserving tigers and establishing the first national park, Jim Corbett National Park?
A Madhya Pradesh
B Uttarakhand
C West Bengal
D Maharashtra
Jim Corbett National Park, established for tiger conservation, is located in Uttarakhand, setting a precedent for wildlife protection in India.
Which factor primarily influences population distribution in India?
A Latitude
B Fertile soil, water availability, and climate
C Mountains only
D Industrial zones
Population concentrates in fertile plains with water access and favorable climate, while deserts, highlands, and forested areas have sparse populations.
Which of the following regions in India has the highest population density?
A Thar Desert
B Ganga Plains
C Western Ghats
D Himalayan region
The Ganga plains have fertile soil, extensive irrigation, and favorable climate, supporting dense agriculture-based population and urban settlements.
Why do some areas of India, like Rajasthan, have low population density?
A Fertile plains
B Arid climate and water scarcity
C Industrialization
D River deltas
Harsh desert climate, low rainfall, and scarce water resources limit human settlement and agricultural activities in Rajasthan.
Which type of rural settlement is characterized by houses grouped together forming a compact village?
A Dispersed
B Nucleated
C Linear
D Isolated
Nucleated settlements have clustered houses around resources, roads, or community centers, enabling social cohesion and efficient resource usage.
Which urban settlement pattern is linear, often developed along rivers, roads, or valleys?
A Nucleated
B Dispersed
C Linear
D Clustered
Linear settlements grow along a transport route, riverbank, or valley, optimizing access to water, roads, and agricultural land.
Which of the following is a renewable energy source extensively used in India for sustainable development?
A Coal
B Solar energy
C Petroleum
D Natural gas
Solar energy is renewable, abundant, and eco-friendly, reducing dependency on fossil fuels while supporting rural electrification and sustainable energy policies.
Which Indian mineral is crucial for steel production and found predominantly in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh?
A Copper
B Iron ore
C Limestone
D Bauxite
Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel, abundantly available in eastern India, supporting the industrial sector and employment.
Which crop’s production is a direct result of the Green Revolution in India?
A Rice and wheat
B Millets
C Pulses
D Cotton
The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat, modern irrigation, and fertilizers, boosting India’s food production significantly.
Which industrial region in India is known for cotton textile production?
A Mumbai-Pune
B Ahmedabad
C Jamshedpur
D Durgapur
Ahmedabad, located in Gujarat, has historically been a hub for cotton textile industry due to raw cotton availability and transport facilities.
Which type of transportation network is most extensive in India and carries the majority of inland freight and passengers?
A Airways
B Roads
C Railways
D Waterways
India’s road network connects remote areas, urban centers, and industrial hubs, supporting economic growth, trade, and mobility of goods and people.
Which Indian riverine waterway is part of National Waterway 1, supporting cargo transport and inland navigation?
A Ganga
B Godavari
C Brahmaputra
D Narmada
National Waterway 1 along Ganga enables inland transport, reduces logistic costs, and supports trade between Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.
Which Indian state is prominent for iron and steel industry due to proximity to raw materials like iron ore and coal?
A Maharashtra
B Jharkhand
C Kerala
D Punjab
Jharkhand has abundant iron ore and coal deposits, fostering steel production and supporting industrial clusters like Jamshedpur.
Which factor is most important in determining the distribution of industries across India?
A Soil type
B Proximity to raw materials, transport, and markets
C Latitude
D Population density
Industries locate near raw materials, markets, and transport facilities to reduce production and logistics costs and ensure efficient supply chains.
Which Indian crop benefits the most from the irrigation potential of Himalayan rivers?
A Cotton
B Wheat
C Millets
D Rubber
Wheat cultivation thrives in northern plains with irrigation from Himalayan rivers like Ganga and Yamuna, ensuring food security.
Which biome covers the largest area of the Earth and includes India’s dry deciduous forests?
A Tundra
B Grassland
C Tropical forest
D Desert
Tropical forests, including dry deciduous areas, support rich biodiversity and are influenced by seasonal rainfall patterns in India and globally.
Which of the following world oceans is the largest and influences India’s climate and monsoon system?
A Atlantic
B Pacific
C Indian
D Arctic
The Indian Ocean affects monsoon winds, maritime trade, and rainfall distribution across South and Southeast Asia, shaping regional climate patterns.
Which type of precipitation occurs when moist air rises over mountains and cools, causing rainfall on windward slopes?
A Convectional
B Orographic
C Cyclonic
D Frontal
Orographic rainfall results from air forced to ascend mountainous terrain, leading to condensation and precipitation, influencing regional agriculture and ecosystems.
Why are deserts in Africa and India formed despite similar latitudes?
A Ocean currents
B Rain shadow effect and arid winds
C Glacial activity
D Human activity
Both regions experience dry conditions due to rain shadow and prevailing arid winds, limiting vegetation and settlement patterns.
Which human activity poses the greatest threat to biodiversity in tropical forests?
A Agriculture expansion
B Tourism
C Soil formation
D Mountain slopes
Clearing forests for agriculture destroys habitats, disrupts ecosystems, and reduces species diversity, necessitating conservation measures.
Which world biome is characterized by coniferous trees, cold winters, and moderate precipitation?
A Tropical forest
B Tundra
C Taiga
D Grassland
Taiga, or boreal forest, has conifers adapted to cold climates, contributing to global carbon storage and maintaining ecological balance.
Which of the following global regions has the highest population density?
A Deserts
B River valleys and plains
C Mountains
D Polar regions
Fertile soils, water availability, and favorable climate in river valleys and plains support dense human populations worldwide.
Which of the following describes El Niño?
A Warm Pacific ocean currents affecting global climate
B Cold Indian ocean currents
C Mountain rainfall
D Glacial melting
El Niño events cause warming of Pacific waters, altering atmospheric circulation, monsoon patterns, and global weather anomalies.
Which Indian crop region was revolutionized by irrigation, fertilizers, and high-yield seeds during the Green Revolution?
A Punjab-Haryana belt
B Western Ghats
C Northeastern hills
D Rajasthan desert
The Green Revolution transformed northwestern India into a high-yield wheat and rice region, ensuring food security and agricultural growth.
Which industrial region in India specializes in jute production and processing?
A Kolkata-Hooghly
B Ahmedabad
C Mumbai-Pune
D Durgapur
The jute industry thrives in the Hooghly region due to raw jute availability, humid climate, and access to ports for export.
Which method of irrigation is most water-efficient for Indian agriculture in arid regions?
A Canal irrigation
B Drip irrigation
C Tank irrigation
D Flood irrigation
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots, minimizing evaporation and wastage, suitable for water-scarce regions.
Which Indian island group is famous for coral reefs and marine biodiversity?
A Lakshadweep
B Andaman
C Maldives
D Nicobar only
Lakshadweep islands have extensive coral reefs, rich marine life, and fragile ecosystems requiring conservation for fisheries and tourism.
Which of the following minerals is a major source of aluminium in India?
A Iron ore
B Bauxite
C Copper
D Coal
Bauxite is processed into aluminium, and major deposits are in Odisha, Gujarat, and Jharkhand, supporting industrial production.
Which type of renewable energy project is being promoted in Gujarat and Rajasthan due to high solar potential?
A Wind
B Solar
C Hydro
D Nuclear
High solar radiation in western India supports solar power projects, promoting sustainable energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Which of the following world biomes has the highest carbon sequestration potential due to dense vegetation?
A Desert
B Tropical rainforest
C Tundra
D Grasslands
Tropical rainforests store large amounts of carbon in biomass and soil, playing a key role in regulating the global carbon cycle.
Which type of graph is used to represent population distribution and demographic trends effectively?
A Pie chart
B Line graph
C Bar graph
D Dot map
Bar graphs visually compare population across regions or time periods, helping analyze density, growth, and demographic patterns effectively.
Which Indian state is famous for tea plantations in the tropical and subtropical hill regions?
A Assam
B Punjab
C Rajasthan
D Maharashtra
Assam’s humid climate, fertile soil, and rainfall support large-scale tea cultivation, making it globally renowned for quality tea production.
Which factor primarily governs the formation of cyclones in the Indian Ocean?
A Latitude and warm sea surface
B Mountain slopes
C River flow
D Human activity
Cyclones form in tropical oceans where warm water and atmospheric conditions induce low pressure and rotating storm systems.
Which country has the highest density of tropical rainforest coverage globally?
A India
B Brazil
C USA
D Russia
Brazil contains the Amazon rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest globally, crucial for biodiversity, climate regulation, and carbon storage.
Which factor most influences urban settlement patterns in India?
A Fertile soil
B Water availability, transport, and employment opportunities
C Mountain slopes
D Desert conditions
Urban centers develop where water, jobs, transport, and markets converge, facilitating industrial, commercial, and social growth.
Which Indian industry is concentrated around the coal and iron belt of Jharkhand and West Bengal?
A Sugar
B Iron and steel
C Textile
D Cement
Proximity to raw materials like iron ore and coal promotes steel production and related industries in eastern India.
Which Indian coastal city is a major hub for the cotton textile industry?
A Mumbai
B Surat
C Kolkata
D Chennai
Surat is a textile hub due to raw cotton availability, trade networks, and port access, specializing in fabrics and garments.
Which type of population growth is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates?
A Zero growth
B Rapid growth
C Negative growth
D Stable growth
Rapid population growth occurs when improvements in healthcare reduce mortality while fertility remains high, affecting resource distribution and planning.
Which ecosystem service is provided by mangroves and coral reefs in India?
A Water purification
B Coastal protection and habitat for species
C Industrial raw materials
D Agricultural land
Mangroves and coral reefs protect coasts from erosion and provide breeding grounds for marine life, supporting fisheries and biodiversity.
Which renewable energy source utilizes wind currents in India’s coastal and plateau regions?
A Solar
B Wind
C Hydro
D Geothermal
Wind energy is harnessed using turbines in areas with high wind speeds, reducing fossil fuel usage and contributing to sustainable energy.
Which world desert is formed primarily due to the rain shadow effect of mountains?
A Sahara
B Gobi
C Patagonian
D Thar
The Thar Desert receives limited rainfall due to rain shadow from Aravalli and climatic aridity, influencing settlement and land use.
Which ocean current influences India’s southwest monsoon and rainfall patterns along the west coast?
A Gulf Stream
B Indian Ocean currents
C Pacific currents
D Atlantic currents
Warm Indian Ocean currents modify monsoon winds, facilitating moisture-laden winds that bring heavy rainfall to western coastal regions.
Which human activity has the most significant impact on climate change globally?
A Agriculture
B Fossil fuel combustion
C Tourism
D Fishing
Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases like CO2, leading to global warming, altered precipitation, and increased frequency of extreme weather events.
Which industry in India is primarily located near sugarcane-producing regions and utilizes agro-based raw materials?
A Sugar
B Iron
C Cement
D Textile
Sugar mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, using local sugarcane, supporting regional economies and rural employment.
Which continent has extensive desert regions, tropical rainforests, and diverse population distribution due to varying resources and climates?
A Africa
B Europe
C Antarctica
D Australia
Africa’s population distribution varies due to deserts, fertile regions, and rainforests; resource availability and climate influence settlement and economic activities.