Chapter 10: Disaster Management and Modern Geography (Part-2)
Which disaster is most likely triggered by rapid snowmelt combined with heavy rainfall in hilly areas?
A Avalanche
B Flood
C Cyclone
D Earthquake
Rapid snowmelt and rainfall increase river discharge, leading to flash floods in mountainous regions, causing property damage, displacement, and casualties.
Which disaster management phase involves long-term planning to rebuild communities and restore livelihoods?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Mitigation
Post-disaster phase includes reconstruction of homes, infrastructure, restoration of services, and socio-economic recovery to ensure community resilience.
Which technology helps map disaster-prone zones accurately for risk assessment and planning?
A GIS
B Manual surveying
C Radio broadcasts
D Telephone lines
GIS integrates spatial and temporal data to visualize hazard-prone areas, supporting evacuation planning, resource allocation, and preventive measures.
Earthquakes in urban areas can cause high casualties; which preventive measure is most effective?
A Enforcing seismic-resistant building codes
B Planting trees in city parks
C Conducting cultural festivals
D Building narrow roads only
Strict construction standards reduce structural collapse, safeguarding human life and property in earthquake-prone urban regions.
Which natural disaster can result from undersea tectonic activity and displace coastal populations?
A Cyclone
B Tsunami
C Drought
D Landslide
Undersea earthquakes or volcanic eruptions generate tsunamis, producing large waves that inundate coastal areas and require emergency evacuation.
Which man-made disaster is caused by chemical spills or industrial accidents?
A Earthquake
B Flood
C Industrial accident
D Cyclone
Industrial accidents release hazardous substances into the environment, leading to pollution, health hazards, and potential long-term ecological damage.
Which strategy is effective for cyclone preparedness in coastal areas?
A Building cyclone shelters, early warning systems, and enforcing evacuation plans
B Ignoring weather forecasts
C Concentrating on post-disaster recovery only
D Constructing roads without planning
Combining shelters, warnings, and evacuation plans reduces casualties and property damage during cyclones.
Which disaster management authority is primarily responsible for policy formulation at the national level in India?
A SDMA
B NDMA
C NIDM
D WHO
The National Disaster Management Authority develops policies, plans, and guidelines to strengthen national disaster preparedness and response.
Which approach is most effective for drought mitigation in arid regions?
A Rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation techniques
B Constructing tall buildings
C Planting ornamental trees
D Ignoring water management
Collecting and storing water, along with efficient irrigation, ensures sustainable water supply during periods of scarcity, reducing drought impacts.
Which disaster is characterized by rapid movement of snow, ice, and rocks down mountain slopes?
A Avalanche
B Earthquake
C Flood
D Cyclone
Avalanches occur when snow or ice becomes unstable, rapidly descending mountain slopes and causing destruction to property and loss of life.
Which phase of disaster management focuses on hazard assessment and community awareness before disasters occur?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Recovery
Pre-disaster activities include risk assessment, early warning systems, awareness campaigns, and preparation to minimize disaster impact.
Which modern technology helps monitor cyclone formation and track its movement across oceans?
A Remote sensing
B Manual surveys
C Telephone networks
D Paper maps
Satellites capture real-time meteorological data, enabling accurate forecasting and tracking of cyclones for timely warnings.
Which disaster is directly influenced by deforestation and soil erosion in mountainous regions?
A Earthquake
B Landslide
C Tsunami
D Cyclone
Removal of vegetation weakens soil structure, increasing susceptibility to landslides during rainfall, threatening lives and infrastructure.
Which organization focuses on research, training, and capacity building for disaster management in India?
A NIDM
B NDMA
C SDMA
D WHO
The National Institute of Disaster Management provides education, training, and research programs to strengthen disaster preparedness and response nationwide.
Which mitigation strategy is most suitable for reducing the impact of urban floods?
A Building stormwater drainage systems and restricting construction on floodplains
B Ignoring rainfall forecasts
C Expanding roads without planning
D Deforestation along rivers
Efficient drainage and regulated construction prevent waterlogging and reduce property damage during floods.
Community-based disaster management primarily emphasizes which concept?
A Empowering local communities to actively participate in preparedness and response
B Relying exclusively on national authorities
C Focusing solely on imported relief measures
D Ignoring local hazards
Local involvement enhances resilience, ensures timely evacuation, and optimizes use of local resources during disasters.
Which disaster is directly caused by tectonic movements along fault lines?
A Earthquake
B Flood
C Cyclone
D Drought
Sudden displacement of earth’s crust releases energy as seismic waves, causing earthquakes and structural damage in affected areas.
Which disaster management phase involves coordinating rescue operations and providing emergency relief?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Mitigation
The response phase prioritizes saving lives, providing medical aid, and distributing relief materials during the event.
Which technology is essential for real-time tracking of flood levels and rainfall intensity?
A Remote sensing
B Manual observation only
C Paper surveys
D Cultural mapping
Satellite-based remote sensing provides timely information on water levels, precipitation, and flood extent for early warnings.
Which approach is most effective for mitigating landslide risk in hilly settlements?
A Vegetative cover, slope stabilization, and controlled construction
B Random deforestation
C Ignoring rainfall
D Constructing roads on steep slopes without support
Combining engineering and vegetative measures stabilizes slopes, prevents soil erosion, and protects communities from landslides.
Which disaster management authority operates at the state level in India?
A SDMA
B NDMA
C NIDM
D WHO
State Disaster Management Authorities formulate and implement state-specific plans for disaster preparedness, mitigation, and response.
Which disaster is primarily caused by prolonged absence of rainfall and poor water management?
A Flood
B Drought
C Cyclone
D Earthquake
Droughts result from insufficient rainfall and unsustainable water use, affecting agriculture, water supply, and livelihoods.
Early warning systems for tsunamis rely on which combination of technologies?
A Seismic sensors, remote sensing, and GPS
B Telephone lines only
C Manual observation alone
D Paper maps
Detection of undersea earthquakes, satellite monitoring, and precise location tracking allow timely evacuation and risk reduction during tsunamis.
Which disaster management phase focuses on restoring normalcy, rebuilding infrastructure, and rehabilitating affected populations?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Mitigation
Recovery and rehabilitation involve reconstruction, restoring services, and providing social and economic support to affected communities.
Which technology helps integrate multiple data sources for hazard mapping and disaster response planning?
A GIS
B Manual surveying
C Radio communication
D Paper mapping
GIS combines spatial and temporal data to create risk maps, identify vulnerable areas, and plan effective disaster management strategies.
Which preventive measure is most effective for reducing earthquake damage in urban areas?
A Implementing seismic-resistant building codes and retrofitting old structures
B Planting trees in city parks
C Organizing cultural events
D Ignoring zoning regulations
Engineering interventions minimize structural collapse and protect human life during seismic events.
Which disaster is directly caused by volcanic activity?
A Lava flow and ashfall
B Flood
C Cyclone
D Drought
Volcanic eruptions release lava, ash, and gases, causing destruction of settlements, agriculture, and environmental hazards.
Which disaster management strategy focuses on reducing hazard intensity or exposure before the event?
A Mitigation
B Response
C Post-disaster recovery
D Rehabilitation
Mitigation measures, such as hazard zoning and early warning systems, prevent or minimize the impact of natural and man-made disasters.
Which type of landslide occurs when saturated soil loses stability on a slope?
A Mudslide
B Earthquake
C Avalanche
D Tsunami
Heavy rainfall saturates soil, reducing cohesion and triggering rapid downslope movement of mud, causing property damage and casualties.
Which disaster management phase involves preparation, planning, and awareness campaigns?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Recovery
Pre-disaster phase focuses on risk reduction through training, awareness, and preparedness measures to mitigate potential losses.
Which modern technology is essential for mapping fire-prone forest areas and monitoring wildfire spread?
A Remote sensing
B Manual surveying
C Paper maps
D Traditional sirens
Satellite imagery allows early detection, monitoring, and assessment of forest fires, supporting effective firefighting and mitigation efforts.
Which technology ensures accurate navigation and positioning during disaster relief operations?
A GPS
B GIS
C Remote sensing
D Paper maps
GPS provides real-time positioning for rescue teams, resource allocation, and affected population tracking during emergencies.
Which strategy helps reduce the impact of cyclones on coastal communities?
A Constructing cyclone shelters, afforestation, and early warning dissemination
B Ignoring cyclone forecasts
C Concentrating solely on post-disaster relief
D Building roads without planning
Combining shelters, vegetation, and timely alerts minimizes casualties and damage from cyclones.
Which phase involves evaluation of disaster response and lessons learned for future planning?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Mitigation
Post-disaster evaluation identifies gaps, improves preparedness, and informs better mitigation and response strategies for future events.
Which disaster is primarily caused by prolonged water scarcity and high temperatures?
A Drought
B Flood
C Cyclone
D Earthquake
Droughts arise from insufficient rainfall and mismanaged water resources, affecting agriculture, water supply, and livelihoods.
Which organization at the state level formulates disaster management plans specific to regional risks?
A SDMA
B NDMA
C NIDM
D WHO
State Disaster Management Authorities prepare and implement state-level strategies for disaster preparedness, mitigation, and response.
Which technology is vital for creating real-time flood maps and supporting evacuation planning?
A GIS
B Manual surveys
C Paper mapping
D Traditional sirens
GIS integrates spatial and temporal data to identify vulnerable areas, visualize flood extents, and plan evacuation routes.
Which disaster is a sudden event causing widespread structural damage due to tectonic shifts?
A Earthquake
B Drought
C Cyclone
D Flood
Sudden movement of the earth’s crust releases energy as seismic waves, damaging infrastructure and posing a threat to human life.
Which community initiative enhances local resilience to disasters?
A Conducting mock drills and forming disaster response committees
B Relying exclusively on central authorities
C Importing international relief teams only
D Organizing entertainment programs
Engaging communities in drills and planning ensures preparedness, quick response, and effective resource utilization during disasters.
Which disaster management technique involves overlaying multiple spatial datasets for risk analysis?
A GIS
B Remote sensing
C GPS
D Paper mapping
GIS integrates demographic, environmental, and hazard data to assess risks, plan mitigation, and coordinate disaster response efficiently.
Which phase of disaster management ensures early warning dissemination and evacuation planning?
A Pre-disaster
B During disaster
C Post-disaster
D Recovery
Pre-disaster measures focus on hazard monitoring, early warning systems, and community awareness to reduce vulnerability and save lives.
Which technology helps monitor volcanic activity and predict potential eruptions?
A Remote sensing
B Manual surveys
C Telephone lines
D Paper maps
Satellites detect thermal anomalies, gas emissions, and ground deformation, allowing prediction of volcanic eruptions and risk mitigation.
Which disaster is caused by a combination of heavy rainfall, deforestation, and unstable slopes?
A Landslide
B Earthquake
C Cyclone
D Drought
Rainfall saturates deforested slopes, reducing soil cohesion, triggering landslides that endanger settlements and infrastructure.
Which phase focuses on restoring essential services, infrastructure, and livelihoods after a disaster?
A Post-disaster
B Pre-disaster
C During disaster
D Mitigation
Post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation restore normalcy, rebuild infrastructure, and support affected populations economically and socially.
Which modern technology is essential for monitoring wildfire hotspots in forested regions?
A Remote sensing
B Manual patrolling
C Paper mapping
D Telephone lines
Satellite imagery detects heat signatures, enabling early intervention, monitoring, and management of forest fires effectively.
Which technology provides precise location information to coordinate relief and rescue operations during disasters?
A GPS
B GIS
C Remote sensing
D Paper maps
GPS offers real-time positioning, guiding rescue teams, distributing resources, and tracking affected populations during emergencies.
Which disaster management authority develops national policies and guidelines for disaster preparedness in India?
A NDMA
B SDMA
C NIDM
D WHO
NDMA formulates policies, plans, and guidelines to strengthen disaster risk reduction, preparedness, and coordinated response nationwide.
Which disaster is primarily associated with rising sea levels and intensified storms?
A Coastal flooding
B Earthquake
C Landslide
D Avalanche
Sea-level rise and storm surges increase the frequency and severity of coastal flooding, threatening settlements and infrastructure.
Which strategy reduces flood vulnerability in urban areas?
A Constructing efficient drainage, preserving wetlands, and enforcing zoning regulations
B Ignoring water management
C Building on floodplains indiscriminately
D Deforestation
Integrated urban planning, proper drainage, and wetland conservation reduce flood impacts on property and human life.
Which disaster management approach emphasizes local knowledge, participation, and ownership for preparedness and response?
A Community-based disaster management
B Centralized international aid
C Ad hoc relief operations
D Sole reliance on national authorities
Engaging local communities in planning, training, and response strengthens resilience, ensures timely action, and optimizes resource use during disasters.