Chapter 2: Geomorphic Processes (Agents of Gradation) (Set-2)

In geomorphology, physical weathering is considered dominant in certain climatic regions because chemical reactions remain limited there. In such environments, rocks mainly break due to mechanical stress rather than chemical alteration. Which climatic condition most strongly favors dominance of physical weathering over chemical weathering

The process of frost action becomes highly effective in mountain and polar regions where temperature frequently fluctuates around the freezing point. This process leads to gradual disintegration of rocks over time. Which phenomenon best explains how frost action breaks rocks

Chemical weathering involves several reactions that transform original rock minerals into new compounds. Among these reactions, one is especially responsible for rusting of iron-rich rocks. Which chemical weathering process causes this transformation

In the context of mass wasting, certain movements occur without a distinct sliding surface and involve slow, almost imperceptible downslope movement. This process affects soil layers over long periods. Which mass wasting process fits this description

Landslides are frequently observed in mountainous regions during intense rainfall events. This happens because rainwater alters slope stability. What is the primary role of rainfall in triggering landslides

Rivers are powerful agents of erosion because they possess the ability to cut, carry, and deposit sediments. Among various river erosion processes, one directly involves forceful impact of water on rock surfaces. Which river erosion process is this

During the youthful stage of a river, landforms reflect the dominance of downward cutting. Which geomorphic feature best represents this vertical erosion phase

As rivers enter their mature stage, the gradient becomes gentler and erosion patterns change. Which river process becomes more dominant in this stage, leading to widening of valleys

Floodplains are considered among the most fertile landforms on Earth due to repeated sediment deposition. What is the main reason for high fertility of floodplains

Wind erosion becomes effective only under specific surface conditions. Which surface condition most strongly enhances the erosional power of wind

In desert regions, certain rock surfaces show polished and grooved appearance due to continuous wind action. Which process mainly produces this effect

Sand dunes differ in shape based on wind direction and sand supply. Which dune type forms when wind blows consistently from one direction with limited sand availability

Glaciers are capable of reshaping landscapes through strong erosional processes. One such process involves lifting rock fragments from the bedrock as glaciers move. What is this process called

The transformation of narrow river valleys into wide trough-like valleys is a significant indicator of glacial activity. Which valley shape clearly confirms past glaciation

Moraines provide important evidence about glacier movement and extent. Which type of moraine marks the boundary between two merging glaciers

Coastal landforms are continuously modified by wave action. Which process allows waves to erode the base of cliffs by compressing air in rock cracks

Over time, continuous wave erosion can transform a headland into several distinct features. What is the correct sequence of coastal erosion landforms

Longshore drift plays a significant role in shaping depositional coastal landforms. Which factor primarily drives longshore drift

Karst landscapes show minimal surface drainage due to underground water movement. What causes surface streams to disappear in karst regions

Among karst landforms, one represents a large, flat-floored depression formed by the merging of several dolines. Which landform fits this description

Mass wasting processes vary in speed and material involved. Which process involves movement of saturated soil over frozen subsoil in cold regions

River terraces provide evidence of changes in river base level. What does the presence of river terraces generally indicate

Aeolian deposits such as loess are significant indicators of past climatic conditions. What is the defining characteristic of loess deposits

Glacial lakes often occupy depressions left behind by melting ice. Which type of lake forms in a cirque basin

Coastal deposition occurs where wave energy decreases significantly. Which coastal feature is formed by deposition parallel to the shoreline

Which geomorphic agent is primarily responsible for formation of alluvial fans at mountain fronts

Desert pavements are surfaces covered with coarse fragments due to removal of finer particles. Which process leads to their formation

Glacial striations on rock surfaces provide evidence of

A blowhole on a rocky coast is formed when

Karst towers are residual hills formed due to

Which river process mainly reduces sediment size during transportation

Hanging valleys are characteristic features of

The rate of weathering is fastest when rocks are

Which coastal depositional feature forms when sediments connect an island to the mainland

In mass wasting, the angle at which material begins to move downslope is called

Glacial erratics are significant because they

Which wind process transports fine dust over long distances

Which river landform forms due to deposition during floods along river banks

Sea stacks eventually erode further to form

Karst topography is best developed where rainfall is

Which geomorphic agent produces fjords along coastlines

Which factor most strongly controls the type of mass wasting on a slope

Which karst feature represents an underground cave system with dripstone formations

Which river process mainly dissolves soluble minerals from rocks

Which depositional landform forms when wind deposits fine sediments over large areas

Which glacial feature forms at the head of a glacier due to rotational movement of ice

Coastal erosion is fastest where rocks are

Which agent of gradation is most responsible for shaping continental interiors

Which mass wasting event is sudden and highly destructive

Agents of gradation collectively contribute to landscape evolution by