Which physiographic division of India is characterized by high mountain ranges, glaciers, and river systems originating from snow-capped peaks?
A Himalayas
B Northern Plains
C Peninsular Plateau
D Coastal Plains
The Himalayas are young fold mountains with high peaks, glaciers, and river sources, influencing climate, monsoon, and biodiversity in northern India.
Which region of India consists of fertile alluvial plains, formed by the deposition of river sediments, supporting dense agriculture and population?
A Northern Plains
B Himalayas
C Peninsular Plateau
D Coastal Plains
Northern Plains, formed by Indo-Gangetic rivers, have rich soil, flat topography, and extensive irrigation, making them densely populated and agriculturally productive.
Which Indian physiographic division is a tableland composed of ancient crystalline rocks, plateaus, and hills with mineral-rich soil?
A Peninsular Plateau
B Himalayas
C Northern Plains
D Coastal Plains
The Peninsular Plateau has old rocks, flat-topped plateaus, and mineral deposits, forming the stable part of India’s geological structure.
Which Indian coastal region consists of narrow plains, deltas, and sandy beaches along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal?
A Coastal Plains
B Northern Plains
C Peninsular Plateau
D Himalayas
Coastal Plains of India, including Konkan, Malabar, Coromandel, and Ganga-Brahmaputra deltas, support fishing, agriculture, and trade due to fertile soil and ports.
Which Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal consist of coral formations, tropical vegetation, and are prone to cyclones?
A Andaman and Nicobar
B Lakshadweep
C Maldives
D Sri Lanka
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are coral-rich, forested, and strategically located, with tropical climate and vulnerability to cyclones and tsunamis.
Which factor primarily influences the climate of India, causing seasonal variations in temperature and rainfall?
A Latitude
B Soil type
C Forest cover
D Mineral resources
Latitude affects solar insolation, determining temperature patterns, monsoon dynamics, and seasonal climate variations across India.
Which phenomenon brings heavy southwest winds and rainfall to India between June and September, crucial for agriculture?
A Monsoon
B Cyclone
C Western disturbance
D Loo
The southwest monsoon arises from land-sea thermal contrast, providing rain for crops, replenishing water resources, and affecting the Indian economy.
Which Indian winds are dry, hot, and blow over the northwestern plains during the summer, affecting agriculture and health?
A Loo
B Cyclone
C Westerlies
D Monsoon
Loo are strong, hot summer winds causing dehydration, crop stress, and influencing daily life in northwestern India.
Which type of Indian rainfall occurs when moist winds ascend mountains, cool, and release precipitation mainly on windward slopes?
A Orographic rainfall
B Cyclonic rainfall
C Convectional rainfall
D Frontal rainfall
Orographic rainfall occurs in the Himalayas and Western Ghats, leading to wet windward slopes and dry leeward rain-shadow areas.
Which Indian soils are rich in humus, found in northern plains, and highly suitable for intensive agriculture?
A Alluvial
B Black
C Red
D Laterite
Alluvial soils from river deposits are fertile, support wheat, rice, sugarcane cultivation, and dominate the Indo-Gangetic plain.
Which soil type, found in Deccan Plateau, is rich in iron, suitable for cotton cultivation but requires irrigation?
A Black
B Alluvial
C Red
D Laterite
Black soils, formed from basaltic rocks, retain moisture, support cotton and oilseeds, and are widespread in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.
Which rivers originate from the Himalayas, have perennial flow, and are vital for irrigation, hydroelectricity, and navigation?
A Himalayan rivers
B Peninsular rivers
C Seasonal rivers
D Desert rivers
Himalayan rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra are snow-fed, perennial, and provide water for agriculture, power generation, and domestic use.
Which Indian rivers originate from peninsular highlands, have seasonal flow, and form rapids suitable for small-scale hydroelectricity?
A Peninsular rivers
B Himalayan rivers
C Ganga
D Brahmaputra
Peninsular rivers like Godavari and Krishna are rain-fed, seasonal, and used for irrigation, navigation, and moderate hydropower projects.
Which Indian initiative aims to interconnect rivers for irrigation, water storage, and flood management?
A Interlinking of rivers
B National waterways
C Canal projects
D Dam construction
River interlinking transfers surplus water to deficit areas, enhances irrigation, reduces drought, and manages floods across India.
Which forest type in India is dense, tropical, evergreen, and receives more than 2000 mm of rainfall annually?
A Tropical rainforest
B Deciduous forest
C Mangrove
D Coniferous forest
Tropical rainforests in Andaman, Western Ghats, and northeastern states are rich in biodiversity and support conservation efforts.
Which Indian animal is endemic to the Gir forest and represents conservation success for big cats?
A Asiatic lion
B Bengal tiger
C Indian elephant
D Snow leopard
Asiatic lions survive only in Gir National Park, Gujarat, highlighting successful wildlife protection, habitat management, and anti-poaching measures.
Which Indian resource is renewable, includes solar, wind, and hydro, and is crucial for sustainable energy development?
A Energy resources
B Coal
C Petroleum
D Natural gas
Renewable energy sources reduce dependency on fossil fuels, mitigate climate change, and support sustainable development.
Which mineral is metallic, used in steel production, and forms major industrial clusters in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh?
A Iron
B Limestone
C Gypsum
D Coal
Iron ore is crucial for steel industry, abundant in India’s mineral belt, and supports regional industrial development.
Which Indian industry is traditional, located in West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam, and produces yarn from jute fibers?
A Jute industry
B Cotton textile
C Sugar industry
D Iron-steel
Jute industry uses alluvial plains, humid climate, and river proximity, providing employment and export revenue.
Which agricultural practice in India increased productivity during the 1960s using high-yield variety seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation?
A Green Revolution
B Organic farming
C Shifting cultivation
D Subsistence farming
The Green Revolution modernized agriculture, enhanced wheat and rice production, and reduced dependency on imports.
Which Indian crop is primarily grown in the northern plains, forms a staple diet, and requires irrigated alluvial soils?
A Rice
B Wheat
C Cotton
D Sugarcane
Wheat cultivation depends on fertile alluvial soils, irrigation facilities, and favorable climate in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
Which Indian crop is grown extensively in western and central India, requires black soils, and supports the textile industry?
A Cotton
B Rice
C Sugarcane
D Pulses
Cotton thrives in black soils of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh, supporting textile mills and export economy.
Which Indian industry is associated with sugarcane processing, concentrated in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka?
A Sugar
B Iron
C Textile
D Jute
Sugar industry processes sugarcane, employs rural workforce, and contributes to agro-based industrial clusters.
Which Indian transport mode is most efficient for bulk and long-distance goods movement across states?
A Railways
B Roads
C Airways
D Waterways
Railways handle heavy cargo over long distances, connect industrial hubs, and reduce transportation cost compared to roads and airways.
Which Indian waterway project aims to transport goods via rivers, reducing congestion on roads and promoting trade?
A National waterways
B Highways
C Rail corridors
D Coastal shipping
National waterways utilize rivers for cargo transport, lowering logistics cost, fuel consumption, and supporting regional economic development.
Which Indian port city serves as a major hub for international trade, located on the west coast near Mumbai?
A Mumbai
B Chennai
C Kolkata
D Vishakhapatnam
Mumbai Port facilitates maritime trade, import-export activities, and supports industrial and commercial growth in western India.
Which Indian state is the largest producer of rice, contributing significantly to food security and agricultural economy?
A West Bengal
B Punjab
C Maharashtra
D Gujarat
West Bengal’s fertile deltaic plains, humid climate, and irrigation support extensive rice cultivation and multiple cropping.
Which Indian state is known for its steel industry, producing iron and steel from local ore resources?
A Jharkhand
B Punjab
C Kerala
D Rajasthan
Jharkhand has rich iron ore deposits, supporting steel plants like Jamshedpur, fueling industrial development.
Which Indian island group in the Arabian Sea consists of coral atolls, fishing communities, and tropical vegetation?
A Lakshadweep
B Andaman and Nicobar
C Maldives
D Sri Lanka
Lakshadweep Islands have coral reefs, support fishing-based economy, and are ecologically sensitive zones requiring conservation.
Which Indian river interlinking project aims to transfer water from surplus to deficit basins across peninsular India?
A Peninsular river link
B Himalayan link
C Canal system
D National waterways
Peninsular river interlinking redistributes water, enhances irrigation, prevents floods, and supports regional agriculture and water security.
Which Indian port city on the east coast is a major center for iron, steel, and export of mineral ores?
A Vishakhapatnam
B Mumbai
C Chennai
D Kolkata
Visakhapatnam port supports mineral exports, heavy industries, and trade connectivity, playing a strategic role in east coast economy.
Which Indian crop, primarily grown in tropical regions, is processed for sugar production and ethanol?
A Sugarcane
B Wheat
C Cotton
D Pulses
Sugarcane cultivation supports sugar mills, ethanol production, rural employment, and is concentrated in Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka.
Which Indian mineral is used as a non-metallic industrial resource in cement, construction, and chemical industries?
A Limestone
B Iron ore
C Bauxite
D Coal
Limestone is quarried for cement and construction industries, widely distributed in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh.
Which Indian industry processes raw cotton into yarn and textiles, historically concentrated in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu?
A Cotton textile
B Jute
C Sugar
D Iron-steel
Cotton textile industry converts raw cotton to yarn and fabrics, forming an integral part of India’s industrial and export economy.
Which Indian energy source is non-renewable, extracted from underground deposits, and is used in thermal power plants?
A Coal
B Wind
C Solar
D Hydro
Coal is a fossil fuel, major energy source for India’s thermal power plants, supporting industrial growth and electricity generation.
Which Indian river, known for perennial flow, originates from Himalayas and supports dense population and agriculture?
A Ganga
B Godavari
C Krishna
D Mahanadi
Ganga is snow-fed, perennial, and crucial for irrigation, domestic use, religious significance, and supporting livelihoods in northern India.
Which Indian river is primarily rain-fed, flowing through peninsular India, and suitable for irrigation and hydropower projects?
A Godavari
B Ganga
C Brahmaputra
D Yamuna
Godavari is seasonal, originates in Western Ghats, and supports agriculture, irrigation, and small hydropower projects in peninsular India.
Which Indian island group is ecologically sensitive, located in the Bay of Bengal, and rich in tropical rainforests and coral reefs?
A Andaman and Nicobar
B Lakshadweep
C Maldives
D Sri Lanka
These islands are biodiversity hotspots, support marine and forest ecosystems, and are vulnerable to climate change and cyclones.
Which Indian soil, formed from red-colored crystalline rocks, is found in peninsular India and suitable for coarse cereals and pulses?
A Red soil
B Alluvial
C Black
D Laterite
Red soils are rich in iron, occur on plateau regions, support dry farming, and require fertilizers for high productivity.
Which Indian river linking project transfers water from Godavari to Krishna basin to mitigate drought in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh?
A Godavari-Krishna link
B Ganga-Yamuna link
C Mahanadi-Godavari link
D Peninsular canal system
The project balances water availability, supports irrigation, and prevents scarcity in drought-prone areas of south India.
Which Indian crop requires alluvial soil, warm climate, and adequate water, forming a staple for millions in eastern India?
A Rice
B Wheat
C Cotton
D Sugarcane
Rice cultivation is concentrated in eastern states like West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, relying on fertile plains, monsoon, and irrigation.
Which Indian energy source harnesses moving water for electricity generation, considered renewable and environmentally friendly?
A Hydro power
B Coal
C Petroleum
D Natural gas
Hydropower uses river flows and dams to generate electricity sustainably, reducing fossil fuel dependence and providing renewable energy.
Which Indian industrial zone is famous for steel, iron, and allied industries, located in Jharkhand and Odisha?
A Chota Nagpur Plateau
B Mumbai-Pune
C Delhi NCR
D Coimbatore
The region has rich iron and coal deposits, supporting major steel plants and industrial development.
Which Indian port city on the east coast handles coal, iron, and steel exports and supports heavy industry in Andhra Pradesh?
A Vishakhapatnam
B Chennai
C Kolkata
D Mumbai
Vishakhapatnam port is a hub for mineral exports, heavy industries, and contributes significantly to regional economy.
Which Indian renewable energy source uses wind turbines to generate electricity in coastal and plateau regions?
A Wind energy
B Solar energy
C Hydro power
D Coal
Wind energy harnesses wind currents for sustainable electricity generation, reduces fossil fuel dependence, and is abundant in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
Which Indian mineral, used for aluminium production, is extracted from bauxite-rich regions like Odisha and Jharkhand?
A Bauxite
B Coal
C Iron ore
D Limestone
Bauxite is the primary source of aluminium, abundant in Odisha and Jharkhand, supporting aluminium industry and export.
Which Indian river, originating in Western Ghats, flows eastward to Bay of Bengal and supports irrigation in Maharashtra and Telangana?
A Godavari
B Krishna
C Mahanadi
D Kaveri
Godavari is the largest peninsular river, rain-fed, supports agriculture, hydroelectric projects, and sustains regional economy.
Which Indian ecosystem, found along coasts and estuaries, supports mangrove vegetation and protects shorelines from erosion?
A Mangrove
B Desert
C Coniferous
D Grassland
Mangroves stabilize coasts, provide habitat for aquatic species, and act as natural buffers against cyclones and tidal waves.
Which Indian industrial sector processes raw sugarcane into sugar, molasses, and ethanol, mainly located in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh?
A Sugar industry
B Textile industry
C Iron-steel industry
D Jute industry
Sugar industry converts sugarcane into sugar and by-products, supports rural economy, agro-industrial growth, and employment generation.
Which Indian renewable energy source captures sunlight to generate electricity and heat, supporting sustainable development and rural electrification?
A Solar energy
B Wind energy
C Hydro power
D Coal
Solar energy uses photovoltaic cells or solar thermal systems, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, ensuring clean energy, and supporting rural electrification and sustainable growth.