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A solution containing 5 moles of solute in 2 liters of solution has molarity A 1.0 M B 2.0 M C 2.5 M D 5.0 M Explanation Molarity = moles / volume (L) = 5 / 2 = 2.5 M. A solution containing 2 moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent has molality A…

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of A two or more substances B only solids C only liquids D only gases Explanation Solution is a single-phase homogeneous mixture of solute(s) and solvent. The component present in larger amount in a solution is called A solute B solvent C precipitate D adsorbent Explanation Solvent is the…

For an ideal gas, which quantity remains constant during an adiabatic process A temperature B pressure C PVᵞ D volume Explanation In adiabatic process, no heat exchange occurs and the relation PVγ=constantPV^\gamma = \text{constant}PVγ=constant holds. The value of γ (Cp/Cv) for a monoatomic ideal gas is A 1.33 B 1.40 C 1.50 D 1.67 Explanation…

For an ideal gas, the relation between Cp and Cv is A Cp − Cv = R B Cp + Cv = R C Cp/Cv = R D Cp × Cv = R Explanation Mayer’s relation for an ideal gas: Cp−Cv=R. In an isochoric process for a gas, work done is A positive B negative…

For an ideal gas, heat absorbed in an isochoric process is equal to A work done B change in enthalpy C change in internal energy D zero Explanation At constant volume, no work is done (W = 0), so q = ΔU. In an adiabatic process, which quantity remains constant A temperature B pressure C…

The first law of thermodynamics is based on conservation of A mass B energy C volume D entropy Explanation First law states energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another. Internal energy (ΔU) of an ideal gas depends only on A pressure B volume C temperature D amount of…

Crystal lattice is A random arrangement of particles B periodic 3D arrangement of particles C arrangement only on surface D arrangement only in 2D Explanation Lattice is an ordered three-dimensional repeating pattern of points/particles. One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K occupies 24.6 L. The pressure of the gas is A 1 atm…

A real gas shows ideal behavior most closely at A high pressure and low temperature B low pressure and high temperature C high pressure and high temperature D low pressure and low temperature Explanation At low pressure and high temperature, molecules are far apart and attractions become negligible → ideal behavior. In van der Waals…

At constant temperature, pressure of a gas is doubled. Its volume becomes A four times B half C double D unchanged Explanation Boyle’s law states P ∝ 1/V at constant temperature. If pressure doubles, volume becomes half. If volume of a gas is 2 L at 300 K, its volume at 600 K (pressure constant)…

The value of universal gas constant (R) in L•atm•mol⁻¹•K⁻¹ is A 0.0821 B 8.314 C 1.987 D 22.4 Explanation R = 0.0821 L•atm•mol⁻¹•K⁻¹ (also equals 8.314 J•mol⁻¹•K⁻¹ in SI). Boyle’s law is valid when temperature is A constant B increasing C decreasing D zero Explanation Boyle’s law: at constant temperature, P ∝ 1/V for a…