Which factor is primarily responsible for the uneven population distribution across India, resulting in densely populated plains and sparsely populated deserts and mountains?
A Climate
B Soil fertility and water availability
C Altitude only
D Urbanization
Fertile plains with adequate water attract dense population, whereas arid deserts and high mountains limit settlement due to scarce resources and harsh living conditions.
Which region of India has the highest population density due to fertile alluvial soils, moderate climate, and river networks?
A Indo-Gangetic plains
B Thar Desert
C Western Ghats
D Himalayas
Indo-Gangetic plains support agriculture, water supply, and settlements, resulting in high population density compared to deserts, hills, and arid regions.
Which demographic indicator measures the number of people per square kilometer in a given area?
A Population density
B Birth rate
C Death rate
D Literacy rate
Population density quantifies the concentration of people in a unit area, reflecting human distribution, urbanization patterns, and resource utilization.
Which Indian state has shown a remarkable improvement in literacy rate due to extensive educational programs and social reforms?
A Kerala
B Bihar
C Uttar Pradesh
D Rajasthan
Kerala’s focus on universal education, gender equality, and social development has resulted in one of the highest literacy rates in India.
Which population characteristic is measured by the ratio of males to females in a region?
A Sex ratio
B Density
C Growth rate
D Life expectancy
Sex ratio indicates the number of females per 1000 males, reflecting social status, health, and gender-related demographic trends.
Which Indian region has a low population density due to extreme climatic conditions, such as cold deserts and high mountains?
A Ladakh and Himalayan regions
B Indo-Gangetic plains
C Eastern coastal plains
D Western Maharashtra
Harsh climate, steep slopes, and limited resources restrict settlements in high-altitude Himalayan regions, leading to low population density.
Which type of rural settlement in India is clustered around a central open space, often found in fertile plains?
A Nucleated
B Dispersed
C Linear
D Scattered
Nucleated settlements form around resources or common land, facilitating social interaction, agriculture, and protection, typical in fertile plains.
Which type of urban settlement is characterized by high population density, industrial development, and administrative significance?
A Cities
B Villages
C Hamlet
D Scattered settlement
Cities concentrate population, industry, and administration, offering employment, infrastructure, and economic activities compared to rural settlements.
Which renewable source of energy in India is harnessed from sunlight and is environmentally sustainable?
A Solar
B Coal
C Petroleum
D Natural gas
Solar energy is abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly, providing electricity and heating without depleting natural resources or polluting the environment.
Which non-renewable energy source is primarily extracted from sedimentary rocks and used extensively in thermal power plants?
A Coal
B Wind
C Solar
D Biomass
Coal, a fossil fuel, is formed from organic sediments over millions of years and remains non-renewable; it is widely used for electricity and industrial energy.
Which metallic mineral in India is crucial for steel production and is mainly found in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh?
A Iron ore
B Copper
C Gold
D Lead
Iron ore provides raw material for the steel industry; major deposits in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh sustain industrial zones in eastern India.
Which non-metallic mineral is used in fertilizers, glass, and cement industries and is abundant in Rajasthan and Gujarat?
A Phosphate
B Iron
C Copper
D Gold
Phosphate is essential for fertilizers, contributing to agricultural productivity; major deposits in Rajasthan and Gujarat support industrial use.
Which crop is mainly associated with the Green Revolution in India, significantly increasing food production in the 1960s and 70s?
A Wheat
B Rice
C Cotton
D Sugarcane
High-yielding wheat varieties, combined with irrigation and fertilizers, revolutionized Indian agriculture, ensuring food security and reducing dependence on imports.
Which source of irrigation in India is most commonly used in the Punjab and Haryana plains for paddy and wheat cultivation?
A Canal irrigation
B Rainfed only
C Wells only
D Tanks only
Extensive canal networks divert river water to fields, ensuring regular irrigation for high-yield crops like paddy and wheat in northwestern plains.
Which industry in India is predominantly located near cotton-producing regions and is labor-intensive?
A Cotton textile
B Steel
C Jute
D Cement
Cotton textile industries are situated near cotton-growing areas to reduce raw material transport costs and promote local economic development.
Which Indian state is known for extensive sugarcane cultivation and associated sugar industries?
A Uttar Pradesh
B Rajasthan
C Himachal Pradesh
D Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh’s fertile alluvial soil and irrigation facilities support sugarcane cultivation, sustaining sugar mills and agro-based industries.
Which factor is critical in determining the location of iron and steel industries in India?
A Proximity to iron ore and coal
B Climate only
C Population density
D Soil type
Iron and steel industries depend on raw material availability; eastern India’s Jharkhand and Odisha provide iron ore and nearby coal for efficiency.
Which river interlinking project aims to connect the Ganga and Godavari basins to address water scarcity in southern India?
A Ken-Betwa link
B Narmada-Satluj link
C Mahanadi-Godavari link
D Cauvery-Ganga link
The Ken-Betwa link diverts water from surplus to deficit areas, enhancing irrigation, reducing drought impact, and supporting agriculture in central India.
Which mode of transportation in India is most suitable for remote and hilly regions due to flexibility and minimal infrastructure requirement?
A Road transport
B Railways
C Airways
D Canals
Roads provide accessibility to remote and mountainous regions where railways or waterways are impractical, facilitating trade, travel, and connectivity.
Which river system supports the extensive canal network of the Indo-Gangetic plains, enhancing agricultural productivity?
A Ganga
B Mahanadi
C Godavari
D Tapi
The Ganga system’s perennial flow and fertile plains enable large-scale canal irrigation, boosting agricultural output in north India.
Which Indian state has maximum biodiversity, including tropical forests, mangroves, and rare fauna, due to varied topography and rainfall?
A Arunachal Pradesh
B Rajasthan
C Gujarat
D Punjab
Diverse climate zones and terrain in Arunachal Pradesh support rich flora and fauna, making it a key ecological and biodiversity hotspot.
Which type of population growth refers to the difference between birth rate and death rate in a country?
A Natural growth
B Immigration
C Emigration
D Density
Natural population growth measures increase due to higher births than deaths, excluding migration effects, and indicates demographic trends.
Which Indian city is an example of a major metropolitan urban center with high population density and industrial concentration?
A Mumbai
B Udaipur
C Mysore
D Shillong
Mumbai combines high population, port facilities, finance, industry, and urban infrastructure, exemplifying metropolitan concentration.
Which agricultural practice is characterized by high-yield varieties, irrigation, and chemical fertilizers introduced during the Green Revolution?
A Intensive farming
B Shifting cultivation
C Subsistence farming
D Nomadic pastoralism
Intensive farming employs modern techniques and inputs to maximize production per unit area, critical in India’s food security strategy.
Which river in Peninsular India flows eastward and forms fertile deltas for paddy cultivation?
A Godavari
B Narmada
C Tapi
D Mahi
Godavari, east-flowing, deposits alluvium in delta regions, enhancing fertility and supporting extensive rice agriculture.
Which Indian resource is classified as renewable and can be sustainably utilized for energy and economic growth?
A Wind energy
B Coal
C Petroleum
D Iron ore
Wind energy is renewable, eco-friendly, and provides sustainable electricity without depleting natural reserves, unlike fossil fuels.
Which state in India is a major producer of jute, supporting textile industries in eastern India?
A West Bengal
B Punjab
C Maharashtra
D Rajasthan
West Bengal’s alluvial soils and humid climate favor jute cultivation, sustaining the textile industry along the Hooghly and Ganga plains.
Which industry in India relies heavily on sugarcane cultivation and supports agro-based economic activity?
A Sugar industry
B Iron industry
C Cement industry
D Textile industry
Sugar industry is located near cane-growing regions in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, providing local employment and industrial output.
Which non-metallic mineral is extensively used in the cement industry and is found abundantly in Rajasthan?
A Limestone
B Coal
C Copper
D Gold
Limestone is the main raw material for cement; Rajasthan has extensive deposits, supporting cement manufacturing and construction industries.
Which Indian river is known as “Dakshin Ganga” due to its extensive basin and irrigation significance?
A Godavari
B Krishna
C Kaveri
D Mahanadi
Godavari is called “Dakshin Ganga” as it flows across peninsular India, irrigates large areas, and contributes to agriculture in multiple states.
Which transportation mode in India connects inland cities to ports for trade and supports economic development?
A Railways
B Footpaths
C Canals only
D Horse trails
Railways link production centers to ports, facilitating trade, passenger movement, and economic integration across regions.
Which Indian river is primarily west-flowing and supports hydroelectric projects along its course?
A Narmada
B Godavari
C Ganga
D Brahmaputra
Narmada’s west-flowing course through valleys and steep gradient enables hydroelectric projects like Sardar Sarovar, providing renewable energy.
Which type of rural settlement pattern is elongated along roads or rivers, enhancing accessibility and transport?
A Linear
B Dispersed
C Nucleated
D Clustered
Linear settlements develop along transport routes, rivers, or roads, improving accessibility for trade, communication, and community development.
Which Indian resource is non-renewable and its extraction has environmental impacts including air and water pollution?
A Coal
B Wind energy
C Solar energy
D Tidal energy
Coal mining and combustion release pollutants and greenhouse gases, contributing to environmental degradation while providing energy.
Which crop is predominantly grown in black soil regions of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh?
A Cotton
B Rice
C Wheat
D Sugarcane
Moisture-retentive black soil, rich in clay, favors cotton cultivation, forming the base for textile industries in these states.
Which irrigation source in India depends on water stored in dams and diverted through channels for agricultural use?
A Canal irrigation
B Rainfed only
C Wells only
D Tanks only
Canals carry water from reservoirs and rivers to fields, ensuring controlled irrigation for crops across northern and central India.
Which industry in India is closely linked to iron ore and coal availability in eastern India?
A Steel industry
B Textile
C Sugar
D Cement
Proximity to iron ore in Odisha/Jharkhand and coal in Jharkhand/Bihar facilitates steel production and minimizes raw material transportation costs.
Which non-metallic mineral is essential for fertilizer production and is mined in Rajasthan and Gujarat?
A Phosphate
B Iron
C Copper
D Lead
Phosphate supports agricultural productivity as a fertilizer ingredient; Rajasthan and Gujarat have significant reserves for domestic and industrial use.
Which Indian city is a major hub for cotton textile production due to nearby raw material availability?
A Ahmedabad
B Shimla
C Pune
D Jaipur
Ahmedabad’s proximity to cotton-growing areas in Gujarat and western India supports large-scale textile production and industrial growth.
Which renewable energy source is harnessed using wind turbines installed across Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu?
A Wind energy
B Coal
C Petroleum
D Natural gas
Wind energy uses high-speed wind currents for electricity generation; Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu have suitable topography and wind potential.
Which river is east-flowing, forms a delta in Andhra Pradesh, and supports extensive paddy cultivation?
A Godavari
B Narmada
C Tapi
D Mahi
Godavari deposits fertile sediments in the delta, supporting agriculture, particularly paddy cultivation and settlement in Andhra Pradesh.
Which state has significant reserves of iron ore and supports major steel plants in eastern India?
A Odisha
B Rajasthan
C Gujarat
D Punjab
Odisha’s rich iron ore deposits support major steel plants, contributing to industrial growth and regional employment.
Which mode of transport is best suited for hilly regions of India, providing connectivity with minimal infrastructure?
A Roads
B Railways
C Canals
D Airways
Roads offer flexible access in mountainous areas, overcoming terrain constraints and connecting remote villages and towns efficiently.
Which Indian state produces the maximum sugarcane, supporting sugar industries and bioenergy projects?
A Uttar Pradesh
B Punjab
C Gujarat
D Rajasthan
Fertile alluvial soil and irrigation in UP facilitate sugarcane cultivation, supporting sugar production and related industrial activities.
Which agricultural practice maximizes production per unit area using modern techniques, fertilizers, and irrigation?
A Intensive farming
B Shifting cultivation
C Nomadic herding
D Subsistence farming
Intensive farming increases output using modern inputs, suitable for densely populated regions requiring high food production.
Which type of mineral is iron ore categorized under in India?
A Metallic
B Non-metallic
C Renewable
D Organic
Iron ore is metallic, used in steel production, and is a key resource for heavy industries in India.
Which Peninsular river is known for east-flowing drainage and forms fertile delta regions in Andhra Pradesh?
A Godavari
B Narmada
C Tapi
D Sabarmati
Godavari, east-flowing, deposits sediment forming deltas suitable for rice cultivation and dense settlements.
Which type of settlement pattern develops in fertile plains with access to water and resources?
A Nucleated
B Dispersed
C Linear
D Isolated
Fertile plains promote clustering of homes and fields around water and common land, resulting in nucleated settlements.
Which non-renewable resource is formed from prehistoric plant matter over millions of years and fuels thermal power plants?
A Coal
B Wind energy
C Solar energy
D Biomass
Coal is a fossil fuel derived from organic matter, non-renewable, and widely used for electricity generation and industry.
Which state in India is a major producer of jute and supports traditional textile industries along river plains?
A West Bengal
B Maharashtra
C Tamil Nadu
D Rajasthan
West Bengal’s fertile alluvial plains, humid climate, and river network support jute cultivation and associated cottage and industrial textile industries.